台中市餐盒工廠生產即食餐食之營養與生命週期評估

本研究以台中市四家即食餐食工廠為對象，了解工廠所生產午餐餐食的營養供應，並使用生命週期評估軟體SimaPro之Eco-indicator 95環境衝擊指標法，評估以不同包裝容器供應即食餐食之環境衝擊。 結果顯示，即食餐食之平均熱量供應大致符合國、高中學生的營養需求，對小學生則較建議量高約34.6%。三大營養素供應量評估，以蛋白質及脂質供應量偏高，碳水化合物相對較低。微量營養素供應，以維生素B2及鈣較明顯缺乏。 環境衝擊評估方面，以紙餐盒及塑膠餐盒供應壹仟人餐食的環境衝擊分別為1.32及1.38 Pt。而以桶餐供應餐食分為清洗方式以人工清洗及以機器清洗，其供應每仟人餐食之環境衝擊分別為1.38及1.56 Pt。餐食生產之各項消耗資源中，以電力使用所造成的環境衝擊最大，其中又以酸化衝擊指數最高，其中原因推測與台灣發電結構以火力發電為主有關。

To understand the environmental impacts and nutrition supply of lunch meal supplement using different containers, four instant foods manufactories in Taichung city were investigated. SimaPro package using Eco-indicator 95 was used for normalizing the environmental impact of lunch meal preparation. The results showed that average energy supply of the lunch meals by the factories in Taichung was suitable to the high school students, but is 34.6% over to the elementary school students. Among the nutrients, proteins and fats contents were significantly higher than those suggested by Department of Health in Taiwan, while carbohydrate one was significantly lower. The supply of trace nutrients, vitamin B2 and calcium were significantly inadequate. Environmental impacts of box-meals supplementation, according to the life cycle assessment, were 1.32 and 1.38 Pt per 1000 services for those used paper container and plastic container, respectively. While environmental impacts of barrel-meals supplementation were 1.38 and 1.56 Pt per 1000 services for those machine-washing system and hand-washing system, respectively. The electricity contributed the most environmental impact in all resource at the meal process. Acidification is the prominent environmental problem caused by electric-use. That is because the thermal power is the main electric power in Taiwan.