台灣乳癌患者的五大人格與心理幸福感關係之探索

摘要研究目的：乳癌是台灣女性罹患癌症的第一位，死亡率則是第二位，雖說隨著乳癌防治意識提升，篩檢、診斷與治療技術進步，乳癌患者的預後得到改善，存活率顯著上升，隨著乳癌患者餘命延長，病程慢性化，乳癌患者的心理健康照護漸受重視，已知人格特質可能影響個體的心理幸福感，然國內仍缺乏以乳癌患者為樣本的相關研究。故本研究旨在探討台灣乳癌患者的五大人格特質（神經質、外向性、開放性、宜人性、盡責性）與心理幸福感之間的關係。研究方法與資料：採橫斷研究設計，以台灣婦女為研究對象，收集來自不同年齡層、社經地位的乳癌患者樣本，獲得 239 位乳癌組有效樣本，並與226 位對照組（非乳癌組）資料進行獨立樣本T檢定及皮爾森積差相關分析，以探討兩組樣本間的差異，以及不同人格特質對心理幸福感的預測力。研究結果：（1）相較於非乳癌組，乳癌患者組具有較高的外向性、較高的友善性、較高的嚴謹性、較高的神經質，而在開放性方面則未達顯著差異。（2）與非乳癌組相比，乳癌組的女性心理幸福感總分顯著較高，且分別檢視各分量表，乳癌組女性各項分數均顯著高於非乳癌組女性。（3）乳癌患者之外向性、友善性、嚴謹性、開放性與心理幸福感呈正相關，而神經質則與心理幸福感呈負相關。結論與建議：與控制組相比，乳癌組的女性心理幸福感總分顯著較高，且人格特質在其中具有影響力，建議臨床人員聚焦關心乳癌患者的人格特質，並應用於實務中。後續研究可進一步聚焦不同人格特質的乳癌患者可能遭遇的心理困擾，以及如何協助患者達成創傷後成長。

AbstractObjective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Taiwan and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although advancements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment have improved the prognosis and survival rates of breast cancer patients, the chronic nature of the disease has brought increased attention to the psychological well-being of these patients. It is known that personality traits can influence an individual's psychological well-being, yet there is a lack of research in Taiwan focusing on breast cancer patients. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and psychological well-being among breast cancer patients in Taiwan.Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional research design was employed, targeting Taiwanese women. Data were collected from breast cancer patients of different ages and socioeconomic statuses, resulting in a valid sample of 239 breast cancer patients. These were compared with a control group of 226 women without breast cancer using independent samples t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis to explore differences between the two groups and the predictive power of different personality traits on psychological well-being.Results: (1) Compared to the control group, the breast cancer group exhibited higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism, with no significant difference in openness. (2) The breast cancer group scored significantly higher in overall psychological well-being compared to the control group, with higher scores across all subscales. (3) Among breast cancer patients, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were positively correlated with psychological well-being, while neuroticism was negatively correlated. Conclusions and Suggestion: The breast cancer group demonstrated significantly higher overall psychological well-being scores compared to the control group, with personality traits playing a significant role. It is suggested that clinical practitioners focus on the personality traits of breast cancer patients and apply this knowledge in practice. Future research could further investigate the psychological challenges faced by breast cancer patients with different personality traits and how to assist patients in achieving post-traumatic growth.