Developing an explainable diagnosis system utilizing deep learning model

Objective. The trend in the medical field is towards intelligent detection-based medical diagnostic systems. However, these methods are often seen as ‘black boxes’ due to their lack of interpretability. This situation presents challenges in identifying reasons for misdiagnoses and improving accuracy, which leads to potential risks of misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. Therefore, how to enhance the interpretability of diagnostic models is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing treatment delays. So far, only limited researches exist on deep learning-based prediction of spontaneous pneumothorax, a pulmonary disease that affects lung ventilation and venous return. Approach. This study develops an integrated medical image analysis system using explainable deep learning model for image recognition and visualization to achieve an interpretable automatic diagnosis process. Main results. The system achieves an impressive 95.56% accuracy in pneumothorax classification, which emphasizes the significance of the blood vessel penetration defect in clinical judgment. Significance. This would lead to improve model trustworthiness, reduce uncertainty, and accurate diagnosis of various lung diseases, which results in better medical outcomes for patients and better utilization of medical resources. Future research can focus on implementing new deep learning models to detect and diagnose other lung diseases that can enhance the generalizability of this system.