素食飲食與第2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂、氧化壓力及發炎指標之觀察性研究

臺灣食品消費調查發現我國素食人口達總人口的10 %，顯示素食飲食在臺灣有日漸盛行的趨勢。本研究目的為了解素食與葷食之第2型糖尿病者，血糖、血脂、氧化壓力及發炎指標濃度之相關性。本研究募集54位素食及100位葷食之糖尿病患，收集基本資料（性別、年齡、飲食及生活習慣），測量體位、血壓、空腹血糖、糖化血色素、血脂（總膽固醇、三酸甘油酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白-A1及脂蛋白-B）、氧化壓力指標（丙二醛、氧化型低密度脂蛋白）、抗氧化酵素活性（過氧化氫酶、超氧化物歧化酶及麩胱甘肽過氧化酶）、抗氧化維生素（維生素A、E及輔酶Q10）及發炎指標（高敏感性C反應蛋白及高敏感性介白素-6）。結果發現，素食之第2型糖尿病者，其飲食多元不飽和脂肪酸與飽和脂肪酸及單元不飽和脂肪酸與飽和脂肪酸攝取比例、血脂（三酸甘油酯）、氧化壓力及發炎指標濃度顯著較葷食者高。多元不飽和脂肪酸與飽和脂肪酸攝取比例及三酸甘油酯濃度與氧化壓力皆呈顯著之正相關；且發炎指標濃度與抗氧化酵素活性呈顯著之負相關。因此，我們認為素食第2型糖尿病者有較高血脂及發炎狀態可能與氧化壓力有關。

Almanac of food consumption survey in Taiwan indicates that 10 % of the populations are vegetarians. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between the levels of blood glucose, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammatory makers in vegetarians and omnivores who had type 2 diabetes. We recruited 54 vegetarians and 100 omnivores had type 2 diabetes. The characteristics of subjects (ie. gender、age、24-hours dietary recall, and lifestyle habits) were collected and anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride、apolipoprotein-A1 and apolipoprotein-B), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and oxidized low-density lipoprotein), antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase、catalase and glutathione peroxidase), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and high-sensitivity interleukin-6) were measured. The results showed that vegetarians had higher values for ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid intake, ratios of monounsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid intake, serum triglyceride, oxidative stress, and inflammatory makers than omnivores. In addition, the values for ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid intake and serum triglyceride were significantly positively correlated with the level of oxidative stress, and inflammatory makers were significantly negatively correlated with antioxidant enzymes activities. As a result, we suspected that vegetarians with type 2 diabetes had higher levels of triglyceride and inflammation status might be associated with a higher oxidative stress.