自撞與被撞：在摩托車死亡車禍的地方性法醫學研究

摩托車是台灣重要交通工具之一，發生車禍比例偏高，法醫實務相驗中，摩托車車禍自撞與被撞的判斷，影響保險給付或責任的歸屬，常是爭執的原因。有鑑於此，本研究在探討自撞與被撞中傷勢或其他因素之差別，以提供法醫實務相驗的參考。主要收集新竹地方法院檢察署2005年1月至2006年2月，摩托車車禍死亡案件84件。案件包括自撞51件與被撞33件兩種撞擊型態，分析自撞與被撞傷勢計量、傷勢面積、傷勢面積比例、車禍環境、人口學、酒精等因素的差別，單變項連續分析使用t-test；類別用卡方檢定統計方法；多變項分析使用羅吉氏迴歸逐步遞減模式。結果顯示單變項分析中年齡、道路狀況、行駛方向、頭部正、背面及胸部正面、背部、上半身正、背面傷勢面積、下肢正、背面，足部、傷勢面積百分比等變項，存在顯著差異。羅吉氏迴歸模式中年齡、頭部正面、頭部背面、胸部正面、上肢正、背面、足部及傷勢面積百分比具有顯著意義，在自撞中，頭部、胸腹部及下肢正面傷勢較明顯；反之，被撞中則以背部擦挫傷較明顯。

Motorcycle is an important mode of transportation in Taiwan which also played a main role in traffic accident.From the viewpoint of a forensic investigation, judging the motorcycle traffic crashes whether it struck or was hit affects the result of traffic accident responsibility for insurance compensation while arose large dispute.Therefore, in order to discriminate the different motorcycle accidents whether it struck or was hit including related factors.This endemic research is presented a reference for forensic study.The data was enrolled the prosecutor’s office in Hsin-Chu district court, Taiwan between January 2005 to February 2006.There are 84 cases of motorcycle crash totally and those victims include 51 for hitting and 33 for being struck.This research analyzes the different factors as the wound type, area and ratio, environment, demography, alcohol and so on.Univariable statistical analysis by using x2 test and continuous variables were analyzed by using two-tailed t test. Analysis of the available data was carried out using SPSS for Windows version 10.0 and used for logistic regression stepwise module.Univariable showed statistic difference for age, road condition, driver condition, front head wound, back head wound, front thorax and back thorax wound, front and back wound area of upper half body, front and back wound of lower limb, foot, wound percentage and so on. Logistic regression module have statistic difference for head(front and back), front thorax, front and back of the limb, foot, and wound percentage. The type of hitting have stastistically significance in the wound of head, thorax-abdomen, and anterior aspect of the limb.On the other hand, being struck significant by in the wound of back abasion-contusion.