Primary synchronous cancers of the endometrium and ovary

Background: Primary synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer (SEOC) is a rare, complex malignancy, representing about 10% of endometrial cancer cases and 5% of ovarian cancer cases. This study showcases a 10-year treatment experience of SEOC patients at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital. Methods: From 2010 to 2020, we retrospectively included patients diagnosed post-surgery with SEOC and confirmed by pathology, excluding metastatic diagnoses. Dual pathologist confirmations were obtained for all pathology reports. Clinical and follow-up data were sourced from the hospital’s medical records and cancer database. Results: A total of 19 patients were diagnosed with primary SEOC with an average age of 54.58 years [standard deviation (SD) =12.33 years]. All underwent comprehensive surgical treatment: 14 received only adjuvant chemotherapy while 2 had adjuvant concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. From the time of diagnosis to December 2022, 9 recurrences and 6 deaths were observed. The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates stood at 69.86% and 55.89%, respectively. Among various stratification variables, only the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of ovarian cancer at initial diagnosis (FIGO I–II vs. III–IV) significantly impacted survival (P=0.002). Conclusions: Literature suggests that SEOC survival outcomes hinge on tumor stage and extent. This aligns with our findings, albeit with a smaller patient cohort. We determined that the FIGO staging of ovarian cancer plays a critical role in patient prognosis.