越南籍新移民女性健康識能與子宮頸癌篩檢行為之相關性探討

根據移民署統計至2019年5月止的資料，我國新移民人數已達547,409人，其中以女性越南籍新移民為主；而新移民往往會因語言文化、溝通困難、訊息缺乏及健康系統利用不便等因素，造成健康識能的缺乏，進而導致醫療和預防保健服務的利用不足、疾病控制不佳及癌症篩檢率偏低等健康問題。所以評估新移民女性的健康識能實為重要的課題。但目前台灣對於新移民女性健康議題的研究，大多著重於婦幼衛生及生活適應等部分，對其健康識能的探討較為少見，更遑論有關其婦癌健康識能的相關研究。因此，本研究目的為探討新移民婦女子宮頸癌健康識能與篩檢行為之間的相關性。研究採橫斷性調查設計，利用結構式問卷（個人因素、社會因素、健康識能），以滾雪球方式進行資料收集。共完成中部地區88位越南籍新移民婦女子宮頸癌健康識能及篩檢行為的調查，資料以SPSS 20版進行分析。結果顯示影響子宮頸癌篩檢行為之因素有:個人與先生教育程度、婚姻狀態、工作情形、就醫可近性及就醫過程滿意度；其中又以先生教育程度(OR=1.986；p=0.046)及就醫可近性(OR=49.27；p=0.001)為影響移民婦女子宮頸癌篩檢行為的重要預測因子，共解釋39.3%的變異量。影響健康識能的顯著相關因素則是個人及先生的教育程度、孩子數量、工作狀態、中文理解程度等，其中又以個人教育程度(OR=0.566； p=0.000)為影響健康識能重要預測因子，共解釋34.0%的變異量。整體而言，雖然新移民婦女健康識能的高低與否與篩檢行為之間皆未見顯著相關，但是新移民婦女健康識能的分布在訊息閱讀及理解的分數偏低，可見提升移民婦女在互動跟批判性的健康識能上仍有努力的空間，未來如何讓移民婦女理解衛教訊息，增進健康篩檢行為則是日後護理實務中重要的課題。

According to the statistics of the National Immigration Agency (Taiwan), the number of immigrants was reached 547,409 (May, 2019). The majority of the immigrants is Vietnamese. Immigration women may suffer from inadequate use of medical and preventative health services due to factors such as language and culture, communication difficulties, lack of information, and obstacles to the use of health systems, related inadequate disease control and cancer screening behavior, and poor health outcome. Therefore, assessing the health literacy of immigrant women is an important issue. However, the current research on women''s health issues of immigrants in Taiwan focuses on maternal, child health and life adaptation. It is rare to discuss their health literacy. According to the researcher’s review, there is no research on the health literacy of immigrant Vietnamese women in Taiwan.Therefore, this study aims to explore the correlation of Health Literacy and Screening Behavior of Cervical Cancer among Vietnamese Women in Taiwan.A cross-sectional study design adopted to investigate the data on the cervical cancer literacy and screening behaviors of 88 Vietnamese immigrant women in the middle Taiwan by snowballing sampling. Using structured questionnaires (personal factors, social factors, health literacy and cervical cancer screening behavior) to collect data. The SPSS 20 edition used to analyze.Results found that affecting the screening behavior of cervical cancer were: education level of subjects and subjects’ husband, marital condition, working status, accessibility and satisfaction of health service. The education level of the husband (OR=1.986; p=0.046)) and the accessibility of health service (OR=49.27; p=0.001) are significant predictors of immigration women''s screening behavior in cervical cancer. Totally, 39.3% of the variance was explained. The relevant factors affecting health literacy of immigration women were the education level of subjects, the number of children, the work situation, and the degree of Chinese language. The subjects’ education level (OR=0.566; p=0.000) is the significant predictor of immigration women''s health literacy, 39.3% of the variance was explained totally.In conclusion, although there was no significant correlation between the health literacy of immigrant women and the cervical cancer screening behavior, the distribution of health literacy of immigrant women was low in the reading and understanding of information. There was still room for effort in promoting the interaction and critical health literacy of immigrant women. In future, how to make immigrant women understand the message of health education and improve health screening behavior is an important issue of nursing practice.