This study was conducted (1) toinvestigate the disease- and management-related knowledge ,attitudes , and self-care behavior ; (2) and to explore theirrelationships with demographic data , state anxiety , and thedegree of understanding severity of disease of patients withuremia .Using a descriptive correlational design and applyingpurposive sampling , a total of 41 valid cases were recruitedfrom outpatients for hemodialysis in a regional teachinghospital in Taichung , from November 25 1996 to January 31 1997. And five instruments were used here: "state anxiety " , " theseverity of the disease" , "the disease- and management-related knowledge , attitudes and the self-care behavior" Inthis study , t-test , one-way analysis of variance , Pearsoncorrelation , stepwise regression were applied to analyze the(1)Uremic patients had a better understanding in disease- andmanagement-related knowledge whose mean was 0.78 than in "sexualproblem" and "pathogenesis of uremia". As regards the attitudetowards the disease and management , it tended to be positive .The mean was 3.77 . However it tended to be negative with regardto the attitude toward "Uremic patients should decreased sexualactivities between couples " and "Uremic patients would lead alife with restriction which brought no life quality " . Moreover, the mean of self-care behavior in self-reports was 3.66 . Andit tended to be worse with regard to "related knowledge andinformation search" and "water control". (2)Uremic patients ofyounger age , married or single , working , and with thefeelings of their serious disease will understand more aboutthe disease and management . The attitudes of those patientswho had work , surplus in earnings , less anxiety tended to bemore positive . As regards the education level , the self-carebehavior of those patients graduated from or above high schoolwas better in their self-reports . (3)Patient's age ,education level , and understanding of the severity of thedisease were the most significant predictios of disease- andmanagement-related knowledge . They may explained 64% of thevariance for the knowledge , especially the factor of age whichaccounted to 47% . As far as "working condition" and "stateanxiety" were concerned , they may explained 25% of variancefor the attitudes . But we didn't find any variables to predictthe self-care behavior . Generally speaking , there was apositive correlation between the disease- and management-relatedknowledge , attitudes , and self-care behavior of patients withuremia. From this study , it is suggested that in order toimprove the care quality , nurses should have to make anintegrated evaluation on the disease- and management-relatedknowledge , attitudes , and self-care behavior of uremicpatients . Besides , they also have to consider the age ,education level , and state anxiety of patients whenconducting health teaching . Key words : uremia , knowledge,attitude , self-care behavior