The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Severe Aplastic Anemia: from Bench to Bedside

Severe aplastic anemia (SAA), a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, is the paradigm of bone marrow failure syndromes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are crucial in providing the specialized bone marrow microenvironment required for hematopoiesis. Deficiency in the bone marrow microenvironment is a potential factor for the development of SAA. In this review article, we describe the association of MSCs and SAA, focusing mainly on the alterations in MSCs from patients with SAA. Further, we address the benefits of MSC infusion in SAA animal models and in human clinical applications.