臺灣市售罐頭食品雙酚A含量量測方法開發與糖分鹽分關係研究

雙酚A(Bisphenol A, BPA) 的結構與雌激素相似，是一種已知的環境荷爾蒙，即內分泌干擾物，在工業上廣泛運用在生產聚碳酸酯塑膠 (polycarbonate, PC) 材質之原料，另外也常做為罐頭內壁塗層的原料，來避免馬口鐵生鏽及氧化。本研究目的是為了要量測台灣市售罐頭中雙酚A的釋出濃度，以及了解雙酚A的釋出量與罐頭中糖分鹽分關係之相關性。本研究分別以Lane-Eynon Method來進行罐頭食品內容物之葡萄糖含量分析，以Mohr Method來進行NaCl含量分析。食物樣本中的雙酚A濃度則是以HPLC/fluorescence detector進行分析。先以乙腈溶出磨碎食物樣本中的雙酚A，經含飽和正己烷之乙腈進行液相萃取後，再進行固相萃取，將以甲醇經ENVI-Chrom P固相萃取管沖提，最後以高效能液相層析儀/螢光偵測器(HPLC/FD)進行定量樣本中的雙酚A含量。本研究分析台灣市售罐頭食品5類共102個樣本，其中以魚類罐頭雙酚A含量最高，達0.2857±0.0066 μg/g wet weight，肉類罐頭次之，濃度達0.0992±0.0046 μg/g wet weight，豆類罐頭、水果罐頭及蔬菜罐頭分別為0.0473±0.0064 μg/g wet weight、0.0185±0.0016 μg/g wet weight及0.0152±0.0053 μg/g wet weight。研究結果顯示，罐頭中的葡萄糖及NaCl含量的確為造成雙酚A釋出的影響因子之一。本研究之結果得出台灣市售罐頭食品中有7成以上具雙酚A檢出，且最高檢出濃度達2.2879±0.0366 μg/g wet weight，遠遠超越目前所有規費限值。另外，影響罐頭食品中雙酚A釋出的因素有，糖、鹽含量、與環氧樹脂薄膜接觸面積以及存放時間，研究結果發現，以上四點影響因素對於雙酚A釋出之影響皆為為正相關，建議嬰幼兒與懷孕婦女應減少食用金屬罐頭食品，由其魚類、肉類罐頭，來減少雙酚A的攝取，並建議在金屬罐頭之製造過程使用無雙酚A之材料。

Bisphenol A is a synthetic compound with structural similarities to estrogen, it''s a known environmental hormone or endocrine disruptor. Widely used in the production of epoxy resins as an interior protective lining for food and beverage cans, to avoid rust and oxidation of tinplate. The purpose of this study was to determinate the level of bisphenol A migrating from canned food in Taiwan''s markets, and to figure out the relationship between the concentration amount of glucose and NaCl, and amount of bisphenol A. In analysis of glucose and NaCl, used Lane-Eynon Method to analysis glucose in canned food, and used Mohr Method to analysis NaCl in canned food. The determination of bisphenol A in canned food was using high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector. First, using acetonitrile mixed with sample, after completely mixed, liquid extraction with acetonitrile containing saturated n-hexane. After that using SPE tube to do solid phase extraction. Finally, bisphonel A was eluted with methanol through ENVI-Chrom P SPE tube. An aliquot of 20 μL was injected into HPLC/FLD system. All of the canned food was collected from local market in Taiwan, the total have 5 categories and 102 canned foodstuffs. Between those samples canned fishes had the highest concentration of bisphonel A, averaged 0.2857±0.0066 μg/g wet weight. Canned meats had second high bisphonel A concentration, averaged 0.0992±0.0046 μg/g wet weight. Canned beans, fruits, and vegetables average were 0.0473±0.0064 μg/g wet weight, 0.0185±0.0016 μg/g wet weight, 0.0152±0.0053 μg/g wet weight, respectively. In this study we found that had over 70% detected bisphonel A, the highest concentration of canned foodstuffs level was 2.2879±0.0366 μg/g wet weight, far beyond from currently EFSA and USEPA standards. The factor influencing the migration of bisphenol A from canned foodstuffs, such as glucose, NaCl content, the contact area of epoxy resins as an interior protective lining for food cans, and storage time of canned foodstuffs. As a result, in following of those four factors, all have positive correlation. furthermore, due to past studies and our result, we suggest that infants and pregnancies to avoid take in canned foodstuffs, especially fish and meat canned foods, to reduce exposure of bisphonel A.