護理人員的同理心、情緒智商對靈性照護能力之影響

背景：靈性照護為全人護理之重要內涵，然臨床實務中常受限於教育資源不足、工作負荷沉重及時間壓力等結構性因素而未能充分落實。同理心作為護理專業關懷之核心能力，使護理人員能敏銳覺察病人之情緒與靈性困境，並建立互信的護病關係；情緒智商則有助於護理人員於高度情緒勞務的臨床環境中進行自我覺察與情緒調節，進而穩定照護品質並避免共情疲勞。惟過往研究多以單一變項探討其與靈性照護能力之關聯，較少同時整合同理心與情緒智商以檢視其綜合影響。本研究旨在探討護理人員同理心、情緒智商與靈性照護能力之現況，分析三者間之相關性，並進一步檢驗影響靈性照護能力之預測因子。方法：本研究採橫斷式量性研究設計，以臺灣中部某醫學中心護理人員為研究對象，透過方便取樣共回收575份有效問卷。研究工具包括台灣版靈性照護能力量表（Spiritual Care Competence Scale, SCCS）、傑佛遜醫護人員同理心量表（Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Health Professionals, JSE-HP）及情緒智商量表（WLEIS），資料分析以描述性統計、相關分析及多元線性迴歸分析進行。結果：研究結果顯示，護理人員之同理心、情緒智商及靈性照護能力整體表現皆屬中上程度。相關分析結果顯示，同理心與情緒智商均與靈性照護能力呈顯著正相關。多元線性迴歸分析結果顯示，整體模式具有解釋力(R² = .197, p < .001)，其中情緒智商為靈性照護能力之顯著正向預測因子(β = .383, p < .001)，而同理心於控制其他變項後未達顯著。此外，次量表分析顯示，自我控制構面與同理心及靈性照護能力之間呈顯著負相關。結論：本研究證實情緒智商及同理心為提升靈性照護能力之核心機制，鑑於臨床存在知行落差，未來護理教育應從單純的知識傳遞轉向強化情緒覺察與正向調節之實務訓練，以優化全人照護品質。

Background: Spiritual care is a fundamental component of holistic nursing. However, its implementation in clinical practice is often constrained by structural barriers such as limited educational resources, heavy workloads, and time pressure. Empathy, as a core professional competency in nursing, enables nurses to perceive patients’ emotional and spiritual distress and to establish trusting nurse–patient relationships. Emotional intelligence (EI), on the other hand, facilitates self-awareness and emotional regulation in emotionally demanding clinical environments, thereby stabilizing care quality and preventing compassion fatigue. Despite their recognized importance, previous studies have predominantly examined empathy or emotional intelligence separately, with limited empirical evidence integrating both constructs to evaluate their combined influence on spiritual care competence.Purpose: This study aimed to examine the levels of empathy, emotional intelligence, and spiritual care competence among nurses, explore the relationships among these variables, and identify the key predictors of spiritual care competence.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative research design was employed. Using convenience sampling, 575 valid questionnaires were collected from nurses working at a medical center in central Taiwan. Research instruments included the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS), the Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Health Professionals (JSE-HP), and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression.Results: The results indicated that nurses demonstrated above-average levels of empathy, emotional intelligence, and spiritual care competence. Correlation analysis revealed that both empathy and emotional intelligence were significantly and positively associated with spiritual care competence. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the overall model had significant explanatory power (R² = .197, p < .001), with emotional intelligence emerging as a significant positive predictor of spiritual care competence (β = .383, p < .001), whereas empathy was not significant after controlling for other variables. Additionally, subscale analysis revealed that the self-control dimension of emotional intelligence was significantly negatively correlated with both empathy and spiritual care competence.Conclusion: This study confirms that emotional intelligence and empathy play a decisive role in the practice of spiritual care. The findings suggest a gap between knowledge and practice in current nursing education. Future educational strategies should shift from mere knowledge transmission to practical training that emphasizes emotional awareness and positive regulation to substantially enhance the quality of holistic care.