職業音樂家肌肉骨骼不適調查與人因介入評估

職業音樂家音需長時間、高重覆性的練習樂器，導致身體部位痠痛比例高，而國內外相關研究有限，值得加以探討。本研究透過主客觀的人因介入方式，探討職業音樂家之肌肉骨骼不適及改善策略，研究方法包括三部份：第一部份以問卷探討四十七位受訪者基本資料、工作狀況，以及NMQ肌肉骨骼問卷調查肌肉骨骼傷害部位、傷害種類及程度等；第二部份本研究透過腿圍量測姿勢僵固性；第三部份係評估十位國內音樂學院學生在四種練習-休息情況下的疲勞程度。本研究之問卷調查結果發現，四十七位個案，有80%的職業樂手都曾出現至少痠痛以上的職業傷害，在姿勢僵固性方面，發現十三位個案中，腿圍之平均增加率為每小時0.63%，傷害部位及比例方面顯示，小提琴家有63%反映其左肩有不適問題，而中提琴家皆反映其頸部有不適問題，大提琴則是右肩及下背，各有50%反映有不適問題，低音大提琴家則皆反映其頸部有不適問題。在人因介入方面，以短時間練習搭配短時間休息及配合手部健康促進運動，可達到舒緩疲勞及減少肌肉骨骼傷害的狀況。

Long-term and highly repetitive practices of professional musicians for the instruments will result in soreness in body parts. However, the relevant research in Taiwan and abroad is limited, which is worth exploring.This research explores the musculoskeletal discomfort and improvement strategies of professional musicians through subjective and objective ergonomics interventions. The research includes three parts, the 1st part is to study the basic data and working conditions of 47 respondents in the questionnaire, and the NMQ musculoskeletal questionnaire to investigate the location, type and extent of musculoskeletal injuries. The 2nd part is to study postural stiffness by measuring leg circumference. The 3rd part is to assess the fatigue level of ten students of music college in Taiwan by applying four exercises-rest tests.The results of the questionnaire survey of this study are shown that 80% of 47 respondents had experienced occupational injuries with soreness and other musculoskeletal discomfort. In terms of postural stiffness, the average increase rate of leg circumference of 13 respondents is 0.63% per hour. The injury part and proportion are shown that 63% of violinists reported discomfort problems on their left shoulders, while violists all reported discomfort problems on their necks. Cellos are right shoulders and lower backs, each with 50% discomfort problems. Bass cellists are reported discomfort on their necks.In terms of ergonomics interventions, short-term exercises combined with short-term rest and hand health exercises can achieve fatigue relief and reduce musculoskeletal injuries.