我國職業安全衛生法以提高刑度作為降低職業災害手段之研究

勞工意識抬頭，勞工權益及層出不窮的重大職災事件逐漸受相關主管單位重視，政府部門及勞動主管機關也祭出許多減災預防等方案，然施行至今仍不盡理想，且職業安全衛生法及相關規範施行至今已行之有年，歷經多次修法也仍無法大幅降低職災致死案件。本研究透過綜合整理相關文獻資料與分析我國司法院法院裁判書之判決狀況建立敘述性問卷，施以問卷調查之方式，回收整理歸納數據後加以分析探討，來了解現今普遍社會之勞工在職業安全衛生法之基礎及重大職災相關法律認知程度情況，以及不同層級之人在於增加職業安全衛生法之刑度做為防減災之看法為何，希以此提供不同面向之防減災策略，供相關主關機關參酌，期達重大職災防減災之目的，以維廣大職場勞工權益。本次問卷發放 280 人，經篩選後得有效問卷 220 份，有效問卷回收率 78.5%，其結果發現普遍一般勞工受職業安全衛生教育訓練狀況不佳，特別在 25 歲以下至 35 歲之族群，且對於重大職災致死之法院判決認知低落，但多數具專業知識經驗及認知清楚背景之人，認為以提高刑度來做為預防職災為可行之方法，在一般組別，中、高管理階層之人對於提高刑度及為重大職災設立新法呈現保守態度。重大職災致死最高法院多判以易科罰金、無罪為主，現行法規之嚇阻之力不佳，應參酌他法之情形加速檢視修正，且針對中、高階層人員之反應出之心態，更應以提高刑度或訂立新法來加強嚇阻性，以期產生預防效果，另管理層面應更加落實教育訓練部分，且應重視法義上之實務認知，除使了解其義務責任外也能提高職災預防效果，以期達管理為主，法為輔之強力預防效能。

Labor awareness is rising, labor rights and fatal occupational disaster that have never been poor have gradually attracted the attention of relevant authorities.Government departments and OSHA to bring up many disaster reduction and prevention programs but implementation result of unsatisfactoryand occupational safety and health act or related rules has been estabalished for years. After many revisions still can’t slash fatal occupational injuries.In this paper, anarrative questionnaire was established by comprehensively collating related literature and analyzing the court's judgment in taiwan. By questionnaire surveys, collect and summarize the data to analysis and discussion to understand labor for occupational safety and health act and occupational disaster the level of awareness in the current general society. What do people at different levels think about increasing the penalty of the Occupational Safety and Health Law for disaster prevention and mitigation? We hope to provide different aspects of disaster prevention and mitigation strategies for the consideration of relevant authorities, to achieve this purpose so as to safeguard the rights of workers in the workplace.This questionnaire was issued to 280 people, with 220 valid questionnaires, and the effective questionnaire recovery rate was 78.5%. The results found thatoccupational safety and health training are generally poor on labor, especially those under the age of 25 to 35, and they have a low awareness of the court’s judgment that caused death in a major occupational disaster. However, most people with professional knowledge and experience, they think improving the punishment is effective method to prevent occupational accidents. In the general group, people in the middle and senior management have a very conservative attitude to raising penalties and establishing new laws for major occupational accidents.In major occupational accidents, the Supreme Court has mostly sentenced commutation to fines or innocent, and the current laws are not effective in deterring. We should be according to other laws to reviewed and revised. According to the mindset of the middle and high-level personnel, it is necessary to increase the penalty or enact new laws to strengthen the deterrence, so as to improve the preventive effect. In management should implement moreeducation and training to enhance legal cognition. In addition to relieving obligations and responsibilities, it can also improve the effectiveness of occupational injuries prevention, mainly rely on management supplemented by law.