比較減重過程中導入節食的時間不同對減重成效、體組成及能量代謝率的影響

摘 要 減重過程避免瘦肉組織的流失、基礎代謝率的過度下降是減重能否成功及減重後的體重能否維持之重要因素。本研究主要目的在比較減重過程中，導入節食的時間不同對減重成效、體組成及能量代謝率的影響。本研究以體重過重受測者為研究對象，A組（n = 13，Age: 39 y.o，BMI: 27.7）於12週實驗過程均實行飲食控制（RMR × 1.3 - 500）及運動（有氧運動及重量訓練）。B組（n = 14，Age: 41 y.o，BMI: 26.4）在前四週則提供足夠熱量（RMR × 1.3）並配合運動（有氧運動及重量訓練），後八週才導入飲食控制（RMR × 1.3 - 500）並持續運動。實驗後兩組體重（A組：-6.9 %，B組：-7.9 %）、體脂肪（A組：-12.1 %，B組：-18.2 %）及瘦體組織（A組：-5.1 %，B組：-2.8 %）皆顯著下降。在代謝率方面，B組RMR、RMR/kg.BW或RMR/kg.LBM等代謝率數值皆呈現上升的現象，並且顯著大於A組（p＜0.05）。本研究結果發現減重過程先提供足夠熱量並配合適當運動，使瘦肉組織增加及基礎代謝率提昇持續一段時間後再導入熱量限制的減重方法，其所造成的瘦體組織保留及代謝率的提昇顯著比同時導入熱量限制及運動控制的減重方法佳。而長時間所減輕的體重公斤數亦比同時導入的減重方法顯著。

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of introducing diet at different stage of weight loss treatment on the outcome of weight loss, body composition and metabolic rate change. Twenty-seven subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups： Group A（n = 13, mean age: 39y.o, mean BMI: 27.7）, Group B（n = 14, mean age: 41y.o, BMI: 26.4）.The subjects in group A were treated diet restriction（calories was based on measured RMR ×1.3 - 500）plus exercises（aerobic＋resistance weight training）for the entire 12 weeks. The subjects in group B were provided adequate calories（RMR ×1.3）plus exercises （aerobic＋resistance weight training） for the first 4 weeks and diet restriction（RMR ×1.3 - 500）＋exercise for next 8 weeks. The weight loss in kilogram, body composition and resting metabolic rate were measured at begin, the 4th、the 8th week and the 12th week of the study. Both groups showed significant decrease in body weight（-6.9 %, -7.9 % for group A and B, respectively）、fat mass（-12.1 %, -18.2 % for group A and B, respectively）、LBM（-5.1 %, -2.8 % for group A and B, respectively）, however, there was no significant difference found in between groups. The percentage of change in RMR、RMR/kg.BW、RMR/kg.LBM were shown significantly increased in group B and decreased in group A（p＜0.05）.In this study, we found that introducing energy restriction at later stage of weight loss treatment may have benefits in preserving lean body mass and metabolic rate, and in the long term observation, it may have better result of weight loss when compare with introducing energy restriction and exercise together at the begin of weight loss treatment.