營養午餐飯前教育對台中市某國小五年級學童飲食營養知識、態度與行為及食物攝取量改變之研究

根據台灣國小學童營養健康狀況調查(2001-2002)指出，兒童在奶類、蔬菜、水果及全穀根莖類之攝取均未達到建議量，而高熱量、低營養價值之食物如速食、甜品及飲料的攝取卻相對增加，這樣的飲食型態，除了減少其他富含營養素的食物攝取外，長期也可能造成肥胖、高血脂、心血管疾病等慢性疾病的低齡化。 因此本研究以台中市某國小學童為研究對象，設計一系列之飯前五分鐘營養教育計劃，旨在改善現代學童之營養攝取不足情形。本研究以自編式五分鐘教案、午餐餐盤照片觀察法及匿名自填式營養知識、態度及行為問卷做為研究工具，測量飯前教育介入前後之問卷分數及營養攝取情形。結果發現學童於營養知識之得分相較於介入前顯著增加，女童於飲食選食態度及外因及情緒性進食行為之得分亦有顯著之進步；學童在綠色蔬菜之盤餘率於介入後期顯著降低。施測學童在脂肪及碳水化合物脂攝取量增加，對於蔬菜類之攝取量相較於介入前之數據亦顯著的增加且更加接近建議之攝取量。

Accordingly studies indicated that the diet of most children did not meet the recommended servings for milk, vegetable, fruit and grains group. In addition, an increased consumption of fast food, dessert and sweetened beverages by children has been shown repeatedly to be associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease and other chronic disease. It is an important period to establish healthy eating behaviors for 6-12 years old children. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pre-meal nutrition education on children’s nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors and dietary intake. This study was a randomized, controlled, school-based nutrition education intervention for 8 weeks. Sixty-four fifth grade elementary school students from two classes have participated in this study. Participants received a 3-5 minutes pre-meal nutrition education before school lunch. Information collected by questionnaire included nutrition knowledge, attitudes, nutrition-related eating behaviors and 24-hours diet recall. We also used lunch tray photo observation to evaluate the remaining amount of food. And the result shows that, pre-meal nutrition education intervention may not only increase the sores of nutrition knowledge, but also reduce the total remaining amount of the vegetable. Moreover, the actual intake of carbohydrate, protein and fat by children showed better approach to dietary reference intakes.