蜂膠不同溶劑萃取物消化前後組成及生物活性之評估

蜂膠為具保健功能之天然物，但對於各種不同蜂膠萃取物其消化前後之組成與活性則缺乏相關之研究，本研究擬不同蜂膠萃取物消化前後組成及生物活性進行探討。本研究取用甘油、水以及30％、60％、95％的酒精水溶液等蜂膠萃取物進行試驗。首先瞭解不同萃取液其組成和生物活性是否有所差異，接著探討經過人工胃液、先經人工胃液再經人工腸液的消化後其組成和生物活性的變化。由於酚類化合物為蜂膠之主要活性貢獻物質因此以酚類化合物之組成來瞭解蜂膠消化前後的差異，而生物活性的評估則包含總抗氧化能力、還原力、自由基的清除、對COX-2表現抑制能力。 由所獲之的結果得知， 95％與60％的蜂膠乙醇水溶液萃取物的組成和生物活性相近，而水和30％蜂膠乙醇水溶液萃取者則有類似，但其生物活性較95％與60％乙醇水溶液萃取者差，而甘油萃取者則介於兩大組之間。經HPLC分析酚類化合物得知，蜂膠萃取物經消化處理後，酚類化合物之組成隨著萃取溶劑中乙醇含量比例降低而顯著減少。而活性表現方面以總抗氧化能力、清除過氧化氫、DPPH、還原能力以及抑制COX-2的表現，在消化處理前後，效果都以95％與60％蜂膠乙醇水溶液萃取者佳，而在螯和亞鐵離子和清除超氧陰離子方面，在未經消化處理時，水萃取者為佳，經消化處理後，水萃取者效果反而明顯的降低，比較HPLC之結果可知，滯留於0-50分鐘具有較高極性之單寧物質可能為其主要貢獻物質。

Propolis is a very popular nature health food currently. However, the composition and biological actives of propolis extracts and their digested products are still deficient. Therefore,the composition and biological actives of propolis extracts and their digested products will be discussed in this study. 95EtOH, 60EtOH, 30EtOH, aqueous and glycerol extracts of propolis were used in this study. Firstly,the phenolic composition and biological actives in various propolis extracts and their digested products will be determined . Secondly ,We discuss the change of phenolic composition and biological actives of the extracts after artifical gastric digestion or gastrointestinal digestion . Because phenolics are found to be the major available physiological contributor of propolis, we try to understand the difference of propolis composition of propolis by the digesting treatment. Biological evaluations includes total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, free redical scavenging efficiency and suppression efficiency for COX-2 expression. Result revealed that 95％EtOH and 60％EtOH extracts of propolis showed similar phenolic composition and biological actives.Both 30％EtOH and aqueous extract of propolis showed lessof phenolics and lower biological actives than that of 95％EtOH and 60％EtOH extract. The phenolic composition and biological effect of glycerol extract are between the above two groups. By the analysis of HPLC, phenolics were greatly decreased and changed, especially in 30％EtOH and aqueous extracts. The original extracts and digested extract of 95％EtOH and 60％EtOH treatments total antioxidant capacity,H2O2 scavenging, reducing power, DPPH, free redical scavenging and suppression efficiency for COX-2 expression.When Chelating , Fe+2 and superoxide anion scavenging is considered, before digestion processing ,performance of the aqueous extract is the best.Original aqueous extract showed perfect effect on cheating for ferrous ions , scavenging the superoxide anions.However, the functions the digests of the aqueous extract was found rednced evidently. By comparing the results of HPLC, the tannin-like materials with high polarity in the range of 0-50 minutes were probably the main contributor for cheating ferrous ions and scavenging superoxide anion.