生物氣膠採樣器的改良評估

安德森生物氣膠採樣器（Andersen six-stage bioaerosol sampler）屬衝擊式採樣器，在採樣過程中可能造成微生物在衝擊死亡，且衝擊於同一培養基點上會相互競爭成長，且若採樣濃度過高會發生細菌生長之遮蔽效應（masking effect）。因此本研究目的在於改良安德森生物氣膠採樣器，與研發採樣稀釋器，並進行其效率探討。研究將安德森生物氣膠採樣器，改良擴大能裝載使用市售容易取得之15公分培養基，並在測試腔（chamber）進行實驗以瞭解改良採樣器和稀釋器之優、缺點，並以實地採樣（field study）進行驗證。結果顯示在實驗室單一菌種之採樣時，改良後的安德森六階採樣器的採樣及培養濃度，呈現統計差異性；而實地採樣方面，多重細菌菌種採樣培養效率上，改良後的安德森六階採樣器的採樣及培養濃度，雖沒有呈現統計差異性，但最高可增加約20.2 %的總濃度採樣培養效率；微球菌屬（Micrococcus species）在改良後的安德森六階採樣器，可以增加約150 %的採樣培養效率。而真菌部分，改良後的安德森六階採樣器的採樣濃度皆比原始安德森六階採樣器的採樣濃度佳，最高可增加約46.1 %的採樣培養效率；青黴菌（Penicillium citrinum）增加約24.7 %的採樣培養效率；而稀釋器在測試腔（chamber）採樣經計算後，最高約能增加91.8 %的採樣培養效率，並呈現統計差異。未來仍需增加實際場所採樣次數，以方便進一步分析確認。

Andersen six-stage bioaerosol sampler is an impactor. In the process of collecting the sample, many microorganisms may die because of the impaction. Moreover, if the density of the sample impaction position is too high, there may be the masking effect of bacteria growing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a bioaerosol generator, to improve the efficiency of the Andersen six-stage bioaerosol sampler, and to develop a dilutor for the sampling efficiency. The study modified the Andersen six-stage bioaerosol sampler by enlarging the device for using a 15 cm culture medium, and tested the new dilutor in both chamber and field study. Results showed that by using 15 cm culture medium on the Andersen six-stage bioaerosol sampler in the collecting of the sample in chamber study, the sampling and culture efficiency revealed statistical agreement in single bacteria species. However, in field study, the sampling and culture efficiency could increase the total concentration of bacteria and fungi as much as 20.2 % and 46.1 %, respectively, but revealed no statistical significant in multiple bacteria species. In addition, the sampling and culture efficiency of Micrococcus species and Penicillium citrinum could increase to 150 % and 24.7 %, respectively. Moreover, the sampling and culture efficiency of diluter in chamber study could increase the total concentration as much as 91.8 % and had statistical significant. The study needs to be further verified in field study in the future.