大學生智慧型手機成癮與營養攝取及睡眠品質之相關研究

本研究目的主要為探討大學生智慧型手機成癮與營養素攝取、體位、活動量及睡眠品質之關係。調查對象為中部某醫學大學一至四年級學生，隨機抽測班級並於課堂中進行施測，採不記名自填式問卷，共有491名學生參與此研究。問卷內容包括：A.基本背景資料（性別、年級、身高、體重、住宿型態）；B.餐次攝取頻率；C.智慧型手機成癮量表；D.匹茲堡睡眠品質量表（PSQI）；E.半定量飲食頻率問卷（SQFFQ）；F. 24小時飲食回憶紀錄（24HDR）。結果顯示：（1）智慧型手機成癮量表平均分數為44.81±8.38分，智慧型手機成癮高危險群比例為55.2%（量表積分≥45）。（2）智慧型手機成癮高危險群早餐攝取頻率顯著低於低危險群，晚點攝取頻率則顯著較高。（3）智慧型手機成癮高危險群脂肪攝取量及點心零食類、飲料類、加工食品類及油炸食品類攝取頻率顯著高於低危險群；水果類攝取量則顯著較低。（4）睡眠方面，智慧型手機成癮高危險群睡眠品質顯著較差。（5）智慧型手機成癮高危險群使用手機時間顯著高於低危險群，且智慧型手機成癮量表分數與手機使用時間呈現顯著正相關。（6）關於智慧型手機成癮與各變項之關係，結果顯示與全日脂肪、點心熱量及三大營養素攝取量、晚點、點心零食類、飲料類、加工食品類及油炸食品類攝取頻率呈顯著正相關，與早餐、蔬菜類、水果類攝取頻率及睡眠品質呈顯著負相關。本研究結果顯示大學生的智慧型手機成癮與不健康的飲食行為和較差的睡眠品質有顯著相關性，長期可能導致慢性疾病之發生。建議關注大學生智慧型手機使用及營養宣導，以維持良好的生活作息與飲食模式，有助於降低健康危害。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and dietary intake, body mass index, activity, and sleep quality in university students. A total number of 491 grade one to four university students, which were randomly selected by classes in a university in central Taiwan, participated in the anonymous self-filled questionnaire survey. The content of the questionnaire includes：A. Basic background information（gender, grade, height, weight, accommodation type）; B. Meal intake frequency; C. Smartphone addiction scale; D. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）; E. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire （SQFFQ）; F. 24-hour dietary recall （24HDR）.The results showed：（1）The mean smartphone addiction scale score of the participants was 44.81±8.38, the rate of smartphone addiction in this study was 55.2%（scale score ≥45）.（2）The frequency of breakfast intake in the high-risk group of smartphone addiction was significantly lower than it in the low-risk group, while the frequency of late-night snack intake was significantly higher.（3）The frequency of fat intake and snacks, beverages, processed foods, and fried foods in the high-risk group of smartphone addiction was significantly higher than them in the low-risk group, while the intake frequency of fruits was significantly lower than it in the low-risk group.（4）Regarding sleeping, sleep quality in the high-risk group of smartphone addiction was significantly worse than it in the low-risk group.（5）The high-risk group of smartphone addiction spent significantly longer time on a smartphone than the low-risk group, and the score of the Smartphone addiction scale was positively correlated with the time on the smartphone.（6）The correlation analysis showed that smartphone addiction was significantly positively correlated with the daily fat intake, calories and three major nutrients intake from snack, and the frequencies of late-night snack, dessert, beverages, processed foods, fried foods intake; while negatively correlated with the frequency of breakfast, vegetables, fruit intake, and sleep quality.The results from this study showed that smartphone addiction was correlated with inappropriate dietary behaviors and worse sleep quality, which may lead to chronic diseases in the long term. It is recommended that attention should be paid to the proper use of smartphones and nutritional advocacy for college students which help to maintain appropriate lifestyles and dietary patterns to reduce the risk of health hazards.