運動改變階段問卷、運動改變過程問卷、運動決策平衡問卷及運動自我效能問卷於老人群體之信效度再確認

跨理論模式包含改變階段、改變過程、決策平衡、以及自我效能四個主要概念，有學者依據這四個概念，發展出測量這四個概念的問卷並應用到運動行為，然而，這些問卷是以中年職場員工為對象而發展，用在本土老人之合適性有待探討。本研究目的在精簡運動改變過程、運動決策平衡、以及運動自我效能問卷的題目，並建立問卷使用於本土老人之信效度。本研究採方法學研究設計，以台中市164位社區老人為樣本，以面對面訪談方式於老人家中進行資料收集。資料分析包括問卷項目分析、建構效度、內在一致性及穩定性。研究結果顯示：(1) 運動改變階段問卷再測信度為.88 (p < .001)。(2) 30題的運動改變過程問卷可解釋79.39%的變異量，但原理論所提出的10個運動改變過程在本研究中只萃取出7個因子。運動改變過程問卷的10個次量表Cronbach’s alpha值介於.55-.91，再測信度介於.05-.67之間。(3) 運動決策平衡問卷因素分析可萃取出2個因子，即運動好處及運動壞處，兩個因子共可解釋70.13%的變異量。運動好處與壞處次量表Cronbach’s alpha值為.96及.78，再測信度為.69 (p <.001)及.09 (p = .65)。(4)運動自我效能問卷因素分析萃取出一個因子，可解釋64.86%的變異量， Cronbach’s alpha值為.82，再測信度則為.72 (p < .001)。整體而言，這些問卷仍需修改並確認於老人群體之信效度，尤其是運動改變過程問卷。

Stages of change, processes of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy are four concepts of the transtheoretical model. Instruments to measure the concepts were developed and applied to exercise behavior. However, the instruments were originally developed for middle-aged employees. The adequacy of the instruments for older adults is unknown. The purpose of this study was to simplify the Exercise Stage of Change, Exercise Processes of change, Exercise Decisional Balance, and Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaires and to establish psychometric properties of the questionnaires for older adults in Taiwan. Methodology research design was used. The researcher interviewed 164 community-dwelling older adults at their home to collect data in Taichung City. Data analysis included item analysis, construct validity, internal consistency and stability of the questionnaires. The findings of the study are: (1) The test-retest reliability of the Exercise Stage of Change Questionnaire is .88 (p< .001). (2) The 30 items on the Processes of Change Questionnaire explains 79.39 % of variance in processes of change and 7 factors were extracted. The Cronbach’s alpha of 10 subscales in the Exercise Processes of Change Questionnaire is between .55 and .91. The test-retest reliability is between .05 and .67. (3) Two factors, pros and cons, are extracted by factor analysis procedure from the Exercise Decisional Balance Questionnaire. The 2 factors explain 70.13% of variance in decisional balance. The Cronbach’s alphas of pros and cons subscales are .96 and .78. Test-retest reliability is .69 for pros (p < .001) and .09 for cons (p = .65). (4) One factor was extracted from the Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and explains 64.86% of variance in self-efficacy. The Cronbach’s alpha is .82 and the test-retest reliability is .72 (p < .001). In summary, these questionnaires, especially the Exercise Processes of Change Questionnaire, require further revision and revalidate the psychometric properties in older adults.