建物拆除微粒特性及對乳癌細胞暴露之評估

根據環保署指出，空氣汙染源有2.5%來自於營造工程，且研究顯示空氣污染與婦女疾病相關，包括卵巢癌和乳癌的高發生率。有鑑於此，本研究以建物拆除過程進行懸浮微粒採樣，評估建物拆除區域之細懸浮微粒PM2.5濃度對乳癌細胞進程之影響。PM2.5微粒取得使用TISCH高流量採樣器，以超音波震盪器萃取其中水溶性物質後，利用冷凍乾燥微粒回溶於水。實驗分析重金屬離子，以探討PM2.5懸浮液之金屬成分。而在生化實驗分析部分，將PM2.5處理乳癌細胞後，以細胞存活率試驗(MTT assay)觀察其乳癌細胞存活率，傷口癒合試驗(wound healing assay)分析細胞爬行，和以細胞遷移試驗(cell migration assay)觀察在PM2..5暴露對乳癌細胞侵襲轉移能力的影響。最後，以西方墨點法(Western blot assay)探討乳癌細胞惡性發展的可能機制。研究結果發現，建物拆除過程中，PM2.5暴露懸浮微粒濃度顯著增加，其重金屬分析發現含有Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr離子濃度增高。進一步探討PM2.5的生物活性，相較於對照組，在PM2.5暴露下，乳癌細胞株的存活率、爬行能力和侵襲轉移能力都有顯著提升。藉由西方墨點法實驗發現，PM2.5水萃物引起乳癌細胞惡性發展的機制是藉由PI3K/AKT/FAK活化金屬基質蛋白酶MMP-9趨化性，導致乳癌細胞發生侵襲轉移作用。

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, 2.5% of domestic air pollution sources come from construction projects. Researches have shown that air pollution associates with women diseases, including the high incidence rate of ovarian cancer and breast cancer. The study carried out sampling of suspended particulates surround a building demolition process, assessing the effect of building deconstruction on changes in PM2.5 and its effects on breast cancer cells.The PM2.5 particles were obtained using a TISCH high-flow sampler. The water-soluble substance was extracted using an ultrasonic oscillator, and freeze-drying. The heavy metal analysis was used to find out compositions that are present in the soluble PM2.5 particles. For cell exposure to PM2.5, the cell survival rate and migration were evaluated by MTT assay and wound healing assay. Cell migration assay was then used to assess the invasion ability of cancer cells under PM2.5 exposure. Finally, the study used Western blot assay to evaluate the possible mechanism that affect the growth of cancer cells. The results show that during the process of building deconstruction, the concentration of PM2.5 in the nearby area was increased. The main compositions of the soluble PM2.5 were Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn and Cr using the heavy metal analysis. After exposure to PM2.5, the cell viability rate was significantly higher than that of the control group. In the wound healing assay the cell migration ability was better than that of the control group. The cell migration assay showed a higher ability invasiveness. Several proteins in Western blot assay that affect cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, such as FAK, PI3K, AKT, and MMP-9, were increased by treatment of PM2.5, comparing with control groups.