接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親其親職壓力之探討

本研究目的旨在探討接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親其親職壓力之情形，以及個人基本屬性對親職壓力之影響，同時比較接受生殖科技與自然懷孕的幼兒母親其親職壓力之差異。本研究採立意取樣，樣本來處於中部某不孕症研究中心接受胚胎植入（IVF-ET & TET）成功懷孕的幼兒母親為對象，共寄發問卷87份，回收有效問卷54份，回收率62%。採結構式問卷調查法，研究工具包括基本資料、親職壓力量表及家庭功能量表三部分。資料分析以皮爾森相關、因素分析、t檢定、卡方檢定、單因子變異量分析及逐步複迴歸分析進行。　　研究結果發現：接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親其親職壓力以親職愁苦次量表的平均得分最高，顯示親職壓力的主要來源為母親本身的親職角色；平均得分最低的為親子互動失調次量表，顯示母親對於親子互動間所感受的壓力最小。　　基本屬性與親職壓力的關係方面：「懷孕胎數」於親職愁苦次量表上及「幼兒年齡」不同於困難兒童次量表上均達統計之顯著差異。顯示多胞胎的母親來自親職角色的壓力較大，而幼兒年齡不同，母親感受來自幼兒物質的壓力也會有差異。「家庭功能」不同在「親職愁苦」、「親子互動失調」、「困難兒童」三個次量表及總量表間達統計之顯著差異。家庭功能重度障礙的幼兒母親，在親職角色、親子互動失調及幼兒物質三方面都感受到較大的壓力。　　研究結果也發現，接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親與自然懷孕的幼兒母親其親職壓力達統計上之顯著差異。且接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親在親職壓力的三個次量表及總量表的得分均低於自然懷孕的幼兒母親，顯示接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親所感受的親職壓力較自然懷孕的幼兒母親小。　　接受生殖科技成功懷孕的幼兒母親其基本屬性中之「幼兒年齡」、「懷孕胎數」及「家庭功能」與親職壓力在統計上呈現顯著相關。在預測親職壓力的重要因子方面，親職愁苦及親子互動失調次量表，僅「家庭功能」具有預測能力。家庭功能愈差，親職愁苦及親子互動失調的壓力愈大。困難兒童次量表及總量表中，「家庭功能」及「幼兒年齡」則均具有預測親職壓力的能力。家庭功能愈差，幼兒年齡愈大，困難兒童及總親職壓力愈大。本研究並提出護理上之應用及未來研究的建議。

The purpose of this study were to explore the parenting stress of mothers attending assisted reproductive program and to compare with the parenting stress of mothers with nature pregnancy. A purposive sampling method was used to collect 54 mothers attending IVF-ET and TET program at a infertility center in the central Taiwan. There were three instruments used to collect data, including the Demographic Data Form, Parenting Stress Index-short form and Family APGAR index. The data were analyzed by Pearson''s correltion, Factor analysis, T-test, Chisquare, one way ANOVA or multiple stepwise regression.　　The results indicated that the highest average score in parenting stress for mother receiving reproductive technology was 「parental distress」; the lowest 「parent-child dysfunctional interaction」. This results revealed that main source of parenting stress was their parental role.　　In relationship between demograph and parenting stress, 「parental distress」score was significantly different between mothers of single and multiple pregnancy perceived more stress from parental role. Mothers having different stress level in subscale of 「difficult child」.The results also showed that children''s age is related to the parenting stress from children''s characteristics. Family functions were significantly different among subscale of 「parent-child dysfunctional interaction」and 「difficult child」. The mother with the worst family function perceived more parention stress.　　Parenting stress was significantly different between mothers attending assisted reproductive program and mothers with nature pregnancy was higher than that of mothers attending assisted reproductive program.　　The parenting stress was correlated with 「Children''s age」、「number of fetus」and 「family function」in mothers attending assisted reproductive program. The best predictive variable for 「parental distress」and 「parent-child dysfunctional interaction」subscale was 「family function」. For 「difficult child」subscale and total scale,「family function」and 「children''s age」were also good for prediction of the parenting stress.　　Recommendation for clinical application and future reseach are also made in the thesis.