長期照顧機構人員老年歧視之研究

「老年歧視」是僅次於種族與性別歧視的第三大歧視，負向的認知、態度與行為，皆會影響老人生理、心理及社會的發展，使老人產生退化、憂鬱，甚至對生命失去意義而自殺。長期照顧機構是失能老人的避風港，長期照顧機構人員應協助老人維持身心靈平衡，倘若老年歧視存在於長期照顧機構中，不公平的對待老人，會帶來更大的傷害。本研究為橫斷式研究設計，研究場所為台中地區護理之家及老人福利機構，共收案209位長期照顧機構人員(護理人員與照顧服務員)為研究對象，以Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) 弗拉博尼老年歧視量表進行問卷調查，探討老年歧視之知識、態度、行為面向。以SPSS 18.0統計套裝軟體進行分析，描述性統計包含最大值、最小值、百分比、平均數、標準差；推論性統計包含獨立樣本t檢定(Independent-Sample t Test )、單因子變異數(One-Way ANOVA)分析、皮爾森相關 (Pearson Correlation)、線性迴歸(Linear Regression) ，探討與解釋其相關性與變化。研究發現照顧服務員老年歧視分數比護理人員高(p < .01)；有修習過老年照顧類在學正式課程較無老年歧視情形(p < .001)，特別是老年護理學；曾經與老人同住老年歧視之歧視(p < .05)分數較低。研究結果顯示教育訓練可以改善老年歧視的現象，特別是在老人照護類的教育訓練，而長期照顧機構在老年歧視上還有進步的空間，期望能透過更完善的在職教育訓練，改善照顧人員對老人的知識、態度與行為。

"Ageism" is the third largest discrimination after racism and sexism discrimination. Negative perceptions, attitudes and behaviors will affect the physical, psychological, and social development of the elderly, causing the elderly to degenerate, be depressed and even lose their meaning of lives and to commit suicide. Long-term care institutions are a haven for disabled elderly people. The staff members of long-term care institutions should help the elderly maintain their physical and mental balance. If ageism exists in the long-term care institutions, treating the elderly unfairly will cause greater harm.This study is a cross-sectional research and conducted in long-term care institutions in Taichung City. A total of 209 long-term care institutional staff members (nurses and nursing attendants) were selected as the research object. A questionnaire developed from Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) was used to collect data and to explore the knowledge, attitude, and behavioral aspects of ageism. The SPSS 18.0 software program was used to evaluate data obtained in the study and to explore the differences and correlations. Descriptive statistics included maximal values, minimal values, mean values, and standard deviation. Inferential statistics included Independent-Sample t Test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, and Linear Regression.As the results, nursing assistants have higher level of ageism than nurses in long-term care institutions (p <.01). Those who had attended formal elderly care courses and had lived with the elderly have a lower FSA score (p <.001 and p <.05 respectively).The results of this study show that education and training of elderly care can improve ageism in long-term care institutions.