社區噪音困擾與心理健康之研究- 以台中市后里區為例

本研究的目的旨在探討社區民眾對於噪音困擾與心理健康之關聯性，透過對臺中市后里區25歲以上，且居住滿三年之民眾進行問卷調查，除了取得受試者的基本資料以外，另進行柯氏憂鬱量表、PSQI匹茲堡睡眠品質量表、台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷(WHOQOL-BREF)、貝克焦慮量表之測驗，樣本規畫300人，剔除資料不全的無效樣本後，有效的受試者樣本數共計234人。 經過統計分析結果：在不考慮其他影響因子的情況下，受試者的憂鬱表現、睡眠障礙程度、生活品質、焦慮表現確實與民眾對噪音的困擾程度與有顯著關聯，縱使加入其他個人特性，如：性別、婚姻、年齡、教育程度、居住道路時，受試者的噪音困擾程度與其憂鬱表現、睡眠障礙程度及焦慮表現仍具有顯著正相關影響，而與生活品質呈負相關；除此之外，亦發現年齡與睡眠障礙顯著正相關影響，未婚者的憂鬱表現顯著大於已婚者。而當線性迴歸分析將受試者的各量表納入考量時，受試者的噪音困擾程度與其憂鬱表現、睡眠障礙程度、生活品質、焦慮表現並沒有顯著影響的表現，反而是各量表間呈現彼此互相影響的顯著表現；除此之外，研究亦發現，年齡與睡眠障礙、生活品質呈正相關。另外，值得注意的是，在噪音源的統計上，交通為主要的噪音困擾來源（佔38.1%），其次是賽車場（佔17.5%）、工廠（16.7%）。 綜合上述的分析結果，本研究得到結論是：社區居民對於環境噪音之困擾程度與憂鬱、焦慮、睡眠品質、生活品質顯著相關；然而，人民有免於噪音侵害的權利，政府有責任與義務讓人民免於健康之風險，因此，政府應擬訂噪音治理的策略，透過法律規範、教育宣導，以確保人民免受噪音侵害。

Noise pollution is one of the major sources of environmental pollution. In the technologically advanced modern life, various kinds of noise fill our lives. These include sounds from transportation, industrial production, power supply, leisure activities, animals, and other human activities, which can cause disturbances to residents due to prolonged exposure. According to statistics from our Environmental Protection Administration, noise complaints constitute the largest portion of public nuisance complaints each year, accounting for about one-third of the total complaints.The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between noise disturbance and mental health among community residents. A questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 25 and above who have lived in Houli District, Taichung City, for more than three years. In addition to collecting basic information from the subjects, the study also administered the Beck Depression Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the WHOQOL-BREF (Taiwan version), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The sample size was planned for 300 people. After excluding incomplete responses, the valid sample size was 234 subjects.Statistical analysis results showed that, without considering other influencing factors, the levels of depression, sleep disorders, quality of life, and anxiety were significantly associated with the degree of noise disturbance experienced by the subjects. Even when accounting for other personal characteristics such as gender, marital status, age, educational level, and residential road, the degree of noise disturbance still had a significant positive correlation with levels of depression, sleep disorders, and anxiety, and a negative correlation with quality of life. Additionally, the study found a significant positive correlation between age and sleep disorders, with unmarried individuals showing significantly higher levels of depression compared to married individuals.When linear regression analysis was used to include all scales in the analysis, the degree of noise disturbance did not show a significant direct impact on depression, sleep disorders, quality of life, and anxiety. Instead, the scales influenced each other significantly. Furthermore, the study found that age had a positive correlation with sleep disorders and quality of life. Notably, traffic was the primary source of noise disturbance (38.1%), followed by racetracks (17.5%) and factories (16.7%).In conclusion, this study found that the degree of noise disturbance in the community is significantly related to depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and quality of life. People have the right to be free from noise disturbances, and the government has the responsibility and obligation to protect people from health risks. Therefore, the government should formulate noise management strategies and enforce regulations and educational campaigns to ensure that people are protected from noise pollution