人格特質與產後憂鬱的關聯性：以社會支持為調節變項

研究背景與目的：在婦女身心健康中，最受關注的是產後憂鬱 ( Postpartum depression disorder, PDD )。多數國內外研究集中在產後憂鬱的後續照顧與介入，較少探討預測因子，其中特別缺乏對個人心理層面做深入了解。因此，本研究目的在於探討五大人格特質與婦女經歷產後憂鬱的關聯性，並以社會支持作為調節變項來探討人格特質對產後憂鬱的預測。研究方法：本研究採用橫斷設計，並利用結構式網路問卷收集資料。以方便取樣及滾雪球取樣方式，納入年滿20歲、意識清楚、能閱讀及書寫中文、正處於產後6至24週的婦女，並排除外籍、本次生產為死胎或流產者。本研究參與者為222名婦女，研究工具為愛丁堡產後憂鬱量表、五大人格量表第二版、多元社會支持感量表。研究資料以SPSS 27.0進行分析，包括描述性分析、t檢定與單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析以及階層迴歸分析。研究結果：本研究多數樣本來自台灣北部區域、雙薪之小家庭，而五大人格特質為中等偏高，社會支持程度亦中等偏高，其中有26.6%樣本為具憂鬱傾向者。五大人格特質中的神經質 [r（220）=.55***]、嚴謹性 [r（220）= -.22***]、外向性 [r （220）= -.20**]、友善性 [r（220）= -.16*]與產後憂鬱有相關，社會支持[r （220）= -.40***]亦與產後憂鬱相關；在控制背景變項後，唯有神經質能預測產後憂鬱（β ＝ 0.57***），但神經質與社會支持的交互作用無預測力（β = -0.08, p = .15），因此社會支持並未調節神經質對產後憂鬱的預測關係。研究結論：產後婦女之神經質能夠預測產後憂鬱，但社會支持在神經質對產後憂鬱的預測上無調節作用。本研究結果可指引臨床實務工作者以高神經質與低社會支持篩檢具有產後憂鬱風險之婦女，以儘早進行介入，預防出現產後憂鬱現象。建議未來研究採縱貫方法來釐清人格特質、社會支持與產後憂鬱間的關係，並納入低社經地位婦女為研究對象以提升樣本之背景特徵多元性。

Background and Purpose: Among the various aspects of women’s physical and mental health, postpartum depression disorder (PDD) receives the most attention. Most studies have focused on follow-up care and interventions for postpartum depression, while there are relatively fewer studies that have explored its predictors, particularly in the absence of psychological factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and postpartum depression, and to examine whether social support moderates the predictive effect of personality traits on postpartum depression. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and collected data using an online structured questionnaire. Using convenience and snowball sampling, this study recruited women who met the following criteria: aged 20 years or older, with intact consciousness, with the ability to read and write in Chinese, and currently 6 to 24 weeks postpartum. Women who were foreign nationals or whose current delivery resulted in stillbirth or miscarriage were excluded. The valid participants were 222 women. Research instruments included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Big Five Inventory-Second Edition (BFI-2), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The author analyzed data using SPSS 27.0, including descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Most participants in this study come from northern Taiwan and live in dual-income nuclear families. The mean scores for the Big Five personality traits and perceived social support were moderately high. Among the participants, 26.6% showed depressive tendencies. Regarding correlations with postpartum depression, neuroticism [r(220) = .55***], conscientiousness [r(220) = -.22***], extraversion [r(220) = -.20**], agreeableness [r(220) = -.16*], and social support [r(220) = -.40***] were all significantly related. After controlling for background variables, only neuroticism significantly predicted postpartum depression (β = 0.57***). However, the interaction between neuroticism and social support does not show predictive power (β = -0.08, p = .15). That is, social support does not moderate the relationship between neuroticism and postpartum depression. Conclusion: Neuroticism among postpartum women can predict postpartum depression, but social support does not moderate this predictive relationship. The results of this study suggest that clinical practitioners can screen for women at risk of postpartum depression by identifying those with high neuroticism and low social support, enabling early intervention to prevent the symptoms of postpartum depression. It is suggested that future research use longitudinal designs to clarify the relationships among personality traits, social support, and postpartum depression, and include women of lower socioeconomic status to increase the diversity of sample characteristics.