更年期婦女對更年期知識、不確定感及親子關係之研究

本研究採用相關性研究設計法，探討台灣嘉南地區更年期婦女面對更年期之不確定感程度與人口學變項、更年期症狀及知識之相關性，並檢視更年期婦女親子關係之知覺成分，以提供醫護人員推動健康促進之參考，並協助婦女適時適切的滿足需求。本研究以兩階段採立意取樣法，於民國91年10月至次年2月，使用更年期症狀量表、更年期知識量表、自覺更年期不確定感量表及親子關係量表為研究工具，對台灣嘉南地區某高職校內學生母親，年齡為40-60歲間，且正處於停經中期或後期者，以訪談方式收集資料，有效問卷計70份，此外針對親子關係量表訪談研究對象之女，獲有效問卷計70份。 結果發現：更年期婦女具有中等程度之不確定感得分 ( M=63.40，SD=8.68 ) 。停經中期及後期之不確定感得分達統計學上顯著差異 ( t= 2.50，p< .05 ) ；婦女樣本之家庭收入及個人社經地位與不確定感均達顯著負相關 ( r=- .26，p< .05 )；r=- .30，p< .05 ) 。更年期婦女在症狀頻率或困擾程度得分在「無」至「偶爾」及「無」至「輕度困擾」間，心理症狀表現多於身體與血管舒縮症狀，整體更年期症狀頻率及困擾程度與不確定感呈顯著正相關 ( r= .41，p< .01；r= .40，p< .01 ) 。更年期知識得分在中下程度 ( M=59.93，SD=13.50 ) ，與不確定感達顯著負相關 ( r=- .26，p< .01) 。母女知覺親子關係以正向為多，婦女不確定感與親子關係之「回報壓力」及「工具功能」呈顯著負相關 ( r= .30，p< .05；r= .44，p< .01) 。對整體不確定感有效的預測因素是症狀頻率、症狀困擾、停經狀態、社經地位及更年期知識，解釋變異量由34 %至36 %。不確定感中之不明確性因素對親子關係中之「回報壓力」、「工具功能」預測之解釋變異量分別為8 %、20.6 %；其複雜性對「回報壓力」、「工具功能」預測之解釋變異量為6.1 % 及9.1 %。 根據以上結果，減輕婦女更年期症狀及增加更年期知識能降低其不確定感，因此，護理照護應著重其症狀表現與知識促進，敏銳察覺更年期婦女的身心需求。婦女知覺親子關係以正向為多，但不能忽視未來親子關係的轉換可能面對的衝擊與不適應，建議更年期不確定感的照護加入親子相關之教育。並藉由鼓勵婦女提早規劃更年期生活，以降低婦女出現更年期不確定感，並促進親子關係行為。 關鍵字: 更年期、不確定感、親子關係

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between climacteric symptoms, knowledge, uncertainty, and parenthood relations in the climacteric women. This study design was cross-sectional. Data was collected by interview from Oct. 2002 to Feb. 2003. Four types of questionnaires were used as followed：The Greene Climacteric Scale, Health Knowledge about Menopause Scale, Perceived Uncertainty Scale, and Parent-Child Relations Scale. Using purposive sampling, 70 female subjects were recruited from southern Taiwan, age range from 40 to 60, who were in perimenopause or post-menopause. The result indicated that uncertainty of subjects toward climacteric were moderate degree ( M=63.40, SD=8.68 ) . The perimenopause women had significantly uncertainty to express than post-menopause women toward climacteric ( t=2.50, p< .05 ). The uncertainty of women in midlife toward climacteric were significantly negative associated with family income and socio-economic status ( r=- .26, p< .05；r=- .30, p< .05 ) . The frequency and disturbance of climacteric symptoms among subjects in midlife toward climacteric were the level between “not at all” and “a little”. The participates express more psychology symptoms than somatic and vasomotor signs, and the uncertainty of women were significantly positive associated with frequency and disturbance of symptoms ( r= .41, p< .01；r= .40, p< .01 ) . The health knowledge about menopause showed to under moderate degree.( M=59.93, SD=13.50 ) , was statistically significantly negative associated with uncertainty ( r=- .26, p< .01) . Women in climacteric perceived parenthood relations for “feedback stress” and “tool functions” were significantly positive associated with uncertainty ( r= .30, p< .05；r= .44, p< .01) . The frequency and disturbance of symptoms, menopause status, socio-economic status, and health knowledge about menopause explain from 34 % to 36 % of the total variance in uncertainty. Furthermore, the uncertainty had significant for parenthood relations as predicted variables. The research findings supported the premise that climacteric women who had to alleviate symptoms and improve health knowledge about menopause had a lower uncertainty. While women have a positive attitude toward parenthood relations, but paying attention to the parent-child relationships to transform for the future. Health care professionals can benefit from these findings to develop interventions for climacteric women to diminish their uncertainty, and improve parenthood relations. Key words: Climacteric, Uncertainty, Parenthood.