痤瘡因應策略對身體意象、自尊及憂鬱的影響

目的：過去研究發現身體意象會影響自尊、憂鬱，因此身體意象受到威脅時會採取因應策略因應，產生不同的心理適應結果。本研究旨在瞭解痤瘡因應策略對身體意象、自尊及憂鬱的影響。方法：本研究採用問卷調查法，研究樣本共989位中學生、大學生及成年早期的受試者。完成資料蒐集後以描述性統計、t檢定、效果量、皮爾森積差相關、與路徑分析進行統計分析檢定，了解各變項之間的關係。結果：(1)不同性別、年齡分組中，痤瘡經驗、因應策略、身體意象、自尊、憂鬱有顯著差異。(2)不同年齡、性別的各變項間相關亦有差異性。(3)路徑分析結果顯示，在整體路徑模式中，痤瘡嚴重程度直接或間接對憂鬱有預測效果，痤瘡關注程度可直接預測憂鬱。嚴重程度會透過問題焦點、情緒焦點因應策略影響身體意象、自尊、憂鬱，關注程度僅透過問題焦點因應策略影響身體意象、自尊、憂鬱。討論：痤瘡關注程度高傾向使用問題焦點因應策略，會使憂鬱程度提升。外表評價會影響自尊，進而影響憂鬱，顯示身體意象、憂鬱和自尊間有很高的關聯性。痤瘡是常見的皮膚疾患，但多數人會忽略痤瘡對心理適應的影響，痤瘡的關注程度可作為憂鬱情緒的一項預測指標，愈關注痤瘡者傾向問題焦點因應策略，但問題解決因應策略不利於心理適應，此研究結果可提供痤瘡經驗者的心理介入的方向。

Objective: Previous studies found that body image will affect the self-esteem, depression. When body image is threatened, people will use coping strategies, and they will lead to different psychological adaptations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acne coping strategies on body image, self-esteem and depression.Methods: Questionnaire survey was used. The sample consisted of 989 middle school students, college students and subjects in their early adulthood. After Data collection, descriptive statistics, t-test, effect size, Pearson product-moment correlation and path analysis were adopted to analyze the relationship among variables.Results: (1) There were significant differences in acne experience, coping strategies, body image, self-esteem and depression in different gender and age groups. (2) There was also significant difference among the variables of different age and gender. (3) The final path model showed that acne severity directly or indirectly predict depression. The degree of acne concern can directly predict depression. Acne severity affect body image, self-esteem, depression through problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, while acne concern affect body image, self-esteem and depression only through problem-focused strategy.Discussion: People with high degree of acne concern will tend to use problem-focused coping strategy, and it will enhance the degree of depression. Appearance evaluation will affect self-esteem, and then affect depression. It suggested that acne patients’ body image, depression and self-esteem are highly correlated. Acne is a common skin disorder, but most people ignore its impact on the psychological adaptation. The degree of acne concern can be used as a predictor of depression. People with higher degree of acne concern tend to use problem-focused coping strategy. However, the problem-focused strategy is not conducive to psychological adaptation. The results of this study provide useful direction for future psychological intervention.