學校飲用水指標微生物之調查分析研究

水是人類營養生理上不可或缺的物質，微生物可藉著水為媒介，污染了 我們日常飲用的水。本實驗樣本係參考83年度環保處公佈之臺灣省屬各級 學校飲用水檢驗結果，分北、中、南、東四區，篩選學校共46所，水樣數 共計215個。依環保署頒佈之水中指標微生物檢測法(濾膜法)來檢驗。事 前先行以問卷暨實地訪查追蹤，再配合實地採水進行分析。實驗中並同時 檢測空白試驗、重複試驗、對照試驗等，以期能達到實驗操作的品質控 制(Quality Control)及品質保証(Quality Assurance)之標準。 本研 究目的在於瞭解臺灣省屬各級學校之飲用水中指標微生物合格狀況，及影 響學校飲用水中指標微生物之相關因素。 實驗研究結果顯示，大腸桿 菌群在地區別及水樣溫度均達顯著性差異(P<0.05)，其中以北部地區不合 格者佔32.1%最高，中部佔9.0%最低;總菌落數在地區別與有無定期清洗均 達顯著性差異(P<0.05)，以北部區不合格者佔32.1%最高，南部佔9.3%最 低。 依據本研究事先以問卷暨實際訪查結果與實驗對照，得知，無定 期清洗不合格佔46.2%，有定期清洗者不合格者只佔15.0%。若以全部水樣 水質分析得知，在水樣來源中，以地下水不合格佔66.7%為最高，蓄水池 及自來水水樣其不合格率為最低。 由上述結果顯示學校飲用水的主要 污染源在其使用之水源及飲水機是否有定期保養維修清洗，因此，學校對 供水管線及飲水機之清潔消毒及維修有待輔導。希望教育單位對各校飲用 水系統宜早輔導改善，以維護全校師生之健康。

Water is the substance in human beings for their nutrition and physiology. However, drinking water may be contaiminated by microbiological factor, which may be harmful to the health of people. Hence, drinking water should be put to test. The purpose of the study is to qualify the drinking water at schools by the microbiological indicator and to estimate factors of affecting the microbiological indicator of drinking water at schools. Based on the results of drinking-water test at the various Taiwan Provincial Schools sponsored by the Bureau of Environmental Protection in 1994, the sample sizes of 215 among 46 schools of the south,middle,north and east of Taiwan were selected. By the regulations of microbiological indicator test of drinking water stipulated by the Central Office of Environmental Protection, the method of membrane-filter was used, including questionnaires interview, tracking, and sampling qualitative analysis. Meanwhile, the blank experiments, the replicated experiment, and the contrast experiment were applied to fix the experimental levels of quality control and quality assurance. The results show that there is significant difference among the Total Coliform numbers of districts and temperature(P < 0.05). Among which, at the north districts, the unqualified rate represented the highest 32.1％; at the middle districts, the lowest 9.0％. Besides, the Total Coliform of districts and regular washing all appeared a significant difference. The unqualified rate represented highest 32.1％ at the north districts, the lowest 9.3％ at the south districts. By contrast between the results of investigation and experiment, the unqualified rate of irregular washing represented 46.2％, compared with that of 15.0％ of regular washing. As regards the total samples, the unqualified rate of under-ground water represented the highest 66.7％; pond and fountain-spring water represented the lowest.This results suggest that the degree of drinking-water contaimination depend mainly on water-purity and water machine. Hence, the devices of drinking water, such as supply pipe, drinking fountain springs should be guided and assisted for cleaning, sterilizing, and replacing to assure the sanitary drinking water both for students and teachers at schools.