國產楊桃汁加工物質流之研究與生命週期評估

中文摘要 環保問題是進入二十一世紀最重要的課題，食品工業因高用水量及高廢棄物量而對生態環境造成某些程度的衝擊，消費者選用綠色程度較高的食品有助於資源永續與環境永存，因此，在環保問題日受關切的現代，如何生產省能源、低汙染、及可回收的綠色食品，將會是食品工業重要的發展策略。本研究擬以國產楊桃汁為對象，對其生物性材質的物質流向進行調查分析，蒐集相關盤查資料之後，採用生命週期評估的概念，以應用軟體Sima Ｐro為工具，對楊桃汁環境衝擊進行分析比較，作為後續評估果汁產品生命週期及訂定綠色果汁製程管制點之基礎資料。楊桃汁整體綠色度的評估在生物性資源的部份，主要有果渣及用水兩大類的消耗。耗水資源上，原汁的製程以清洗原果、殺菌及洗包材佔大部份，如果能回收利用或改變清洗的方式來減少用水量，將有效使用水資源；鋁箔包無菌加工的部份則以殺菌冷卻及清洗機械為主。生命週期評估方面，在楊桃原汁工廠的原汁製程部分，對環境衝擊的指標中以楊桃果實對環境影響最大，衝擊的類別是優氧化，電力使用次之，衝擊類別是酸化；新鮮楊桃原汁對環境衝擊指數大於醃漬楊桃原汁。下游製造楊桃果汁製程中，是以楊桃原汁及電力的使用對環境影響最大，衝擊的類別是酸化，製造楊桃原汁的製程對環境的衝擊比下游無菌加工或是熱充填都來的高。在楊桃果汁製程上，能有效的減少電力的使用，將有助於綠色製程的建立。

Studies on the Material Flow of Biological Resources and Life Cycle Assessment in the Processing of Carambola juices Abstract Shin-Mei Fu ,Su-Lin Chen Chung-Shan Medical & Dental College Environment protection has become a more and more important issue and should be taken much attention in all industries. The impact of food industry on the environment should also be taken into account. Foods processed with higher energy efficiency, fewer discharge and more recoveries, the so called green processing, is helpful to sustaining resources and protecting the environment. To establish the index for the greenness of local products, we used carambola juice processing as model system to study the factors that affect the greenness of juice. To assess life cycle of carmbola juice and it’s environmental impacts, the material flow in the life cycle of carambola juice were put into the computer programs– Sima Pro. The results showed that the fruit washing process is the key step that determined the volume of water used in the stock carambola juice processing. It also consumed a large amount of water washing the recycled plastic contain. Effective washing or using aseptic container could solve this problem. Sterilization consume water much more than other unit processing. The prominent environmental impacts problems resulted from the producing carambola juice is acidification. Impacts caused by electricity consumption and carambola fruit were much higher than others. In summary, environmental impacts of the stock carambola juice factories were significantly higher than canned and Tetra Brik carambola products.