健康狀況與參與動機於自我效能之相關性研究-以社區關懷據點志工為例

背景：因應人口快速老化，政府積極推動長照2.0政策，旨在實現「在地老化」並強化社區照顧體系。其中，社區照顧關懷據點為政策落實的關鍵場域，志工則為推展服務的重要人力資源。為提升服務品質並促進志工持續參與，探討其自我效能的影響因素，已成為重要的研究課題。目的：本研究旨在探討社區照顧關懷據點志工之人口學特性、健康狀況與參與動機與其自我效能之關聯性，並進一步分析其自我效能的顯著預測因子。方法：本研究採橫斷式描述性相關研究設計，於2021年6月7日至11月30日，針對中部地區7處社區照顧關懷據點，招募年滿20歲且具志願服務經驗之志工進行結構式問卷調查。問卷內容包括人口學資料、SF-12健康量表、參與動機量表與自我效能量表。共回收200份有效問卷，並以 SPSS 23.0 進行描述性與推論性統計分析。結果：志工的參與動機平均得分為132.30分（量表範圍：32–160分），自我效能平均得分為103.46分（量表範圍：25–125分）。逐步迴歸分析結果顯示，整體模型可解釋自我效能總變異量的50.1%。其中，每週服務時數解釋0.8%變異量，整體參與動機解釋50.1%；在參與動機的次構面中，「自我成長」解釋4.2%變異、「報酬與肯定」為0.3%、「自我需求」為0.9%。結論：研究結果指出，參與動機及每週服務時數對志工自我效能具顯著影響。穩定且充實的服務投入有助於提升志工的信心與任務執行效能。建議志工管理單位應重視參與動機之培育，尤其強化「自我成長」相關動機，透過規劃具挑戰性的任務與持續性的教育訓練，促進志工內在動機與自我效能，進而提升社區照顧服務的永續品質。

Background:In response to the rapid aging of the population, the Taiwanese government has actively promoted the Long-Term Care 2.0 policy, aiming to realize “aging in place” and to strengthen the community-based care system. Community care centers serve as key venues for policy implementation, with volunteers functioning as an essential human resource in service delivery. To improve service quality and encourage sustained volunteer engagement, identifying the factors that influence volunteers’ self-efficacy has become an important area of research.Objectives:This study aimed to explore the associations among demographic characteristics, health status, participation motivation, and self-efficacy among volunteers at community care centers. Additionally, it sought to identify significant predictors of self-efficacy.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was adopted. From June 7 to November 30, 2021, structured questionnaires were administered to volunteers aged 20 and above with service experience at seven community care centers in central Taiwan. The survey included demographic information, the SF-12 Health Survey, a participation motivation scale, and a self-efficacy scale. A total of 200 valid responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results:The average participation motivation score was 132.30 (scale range: 32–160), and the mean self-efficacy score was 103.46 (scale range: 25–125). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the overall model accounted for 50.1% of the variance in self-efficacy. Weekly service hours explained 0.8% of the variance, and total participation motivation explained 50.1%. Among the subdimensions of motivation, personal growth accounted for 4.2% of the variance, rewards and recognition for 0.3%, and personal needs for 0.9%.Conclusion:The findings revealed that participation motivation and weekly service hours significantly influence volunteers’ self-efficacy. Stable and meaningful service engagement helps enhance volunteers' confidence and task performance. It is recommended that volunteer management programs prioritize the development of participation motivation—particularly those related to personal growth—by designing challenging tasks and offering continuous training. Such strategies may promote intrinsic motivation, strengthen self-efficacy, and ultimately improve the sustainability and quality of services at community care centers.