懷孕婦女臍帶血及靜脈血中雙酚A之生物偵測與飲食攝取量相關研究

雙酚A (Bisphenol A, BPA)為全球高生產及需求量的化學品之一，主要作為環氧樹脂、聚碳酸酯、塑膠等製造原料；近期研究發現，低劑量BPA即可造成細胞功能改變、腦部發育、生殖、第二型糖尿病及心臟血管疾病等健康危害。台灣為大量製造、頻繁使用塑膠用品及塑料包裝飲食之國家，我國對於人體血液之研究也相當缺乏。BPA可能對懷孕婦女及後代造成危害，因此，本研究目的為了探討懷孕婦女血液中BPA濃度與生活背景及飲食因素之相關性，以了解懷孕婦女BPA內在劑量與主要暴露之來源。 研究對象分別來自北部婦產科醫院30名及中部婦產科醫院105名之懷孕婦女，以懷孕婦女之臍帶血及靜脈血進行BPA內在劑量之生物偵測與問卷調查的方式，以及尿液樣本BPA的含量分析。 問卷內容包括人口統計學資料、飲食習慣、用藥情形及疾病史等。取得懷孕婦女之血漿樣本，使用HPLC/Flourescence測定血漿中BPA濃度，測定方法之偵測極限為0.48 ng/mL，回收率為96.9±11.8 %。 研究結果為，懷孕婦女靜脈血樣本中BPA濃度檢出率為27 %、平均值2.7±13.0 ng/mL；臍帶血樣本檢出率為51 %、平均值3.9±5.2 ng/mL，表示胎盤可能沒有阻隔BPA的能力。 問卷調查中喝牛奶、每天平均使用保鮮膜微波食品次數、曾經吃過避孕藥與血液、尿液樣本中BPA濃度於統計上有顯著相關 (p<0.05)；70 %以上的懷孕婦女每天使用塑料加熱食物及盛裝食物，吃過避孕藥的孕婦BPA平均濃度相較於未吃過避孕藥高出5.3倍。　　本研究發現台灣的懷孕婦女普遍使用塑料製品，而不管在血液及尿液中皆暴露於BPA，暴露濃度也相較於其他國家高。

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of high production and demand chemical, it is mainly used as the manufacturing materials of epoxy resin , polycarbonate, and other plastics. Recent studies have found that BPA at low dose might cause the changes of cell function, brain development, reproduction, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other health effects. There is a country of massively product and frequently use plastic articles, plastic food containers in Taiwan. For the study of the human blood is also lack in tihs country; furthermore, BPA might have hazards for pregnant women and offspring, therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between BPA concentration in blood of pregnant women and their background and dietary factors, in order to understand the internal dose of pregnant women and the primary source of exposure to BPA. Study subjects were 30 and 105 pregnant women from the northern and the central of obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Taiwan. This study was conducted the biological monitoring of BPA in umbilical cord blood and venous blood from pregnant women, questionnaire, and analysis of BPA level in urine. The questionnaire included sociodemographic, dietary habits, medical circumstances, history of disease and others. BPA concentrations in plasma was detected by HPLC/Flourescence, the method detection limit was 0.48 ng/mL, the recovery was 96.9 ± 11.8%. This study results showed that BPA concentrations was detected in 27% and 51 % ,the mean was 2.7±13.0 ng/mL and 3.9±5.2 ng/mL in venous blood and umbilical cord blood of pregnant women, respectively. It indicated that the ability of the placenta might not to oppose BPA. The statistically significant correlation was found between blood and urine of BPA concentrations with pregnant women who drank milk, the average daily number of microwave foods using plastic wrap, and had eaten contraceptive drugs (p<0.05); More than 70% Heating and stored food in plastic containers, the average concentrations of BPA for pregnant women who had eaten contraceptive drugs were 5.3 times higher than not eaten.　 This study found that pregnant women used plastic containers very popular in Taiwan, and no matter in blood or in urine also exposure to BPA; moreover, the concentrations of exposure BPA were higher than other countries.