自費安養機構老人社會支持與身體健康、憂鬱之相關性探討

摘 要 本研究旨在瞭解自費安養機構老人的社會支持與身體健康、憂鬱間的關係。 本研究為描述性相關研究法，以某兩家自費安養機構為研究對象，採立意取樣，共取樣120名。以結構式問卷量表為研究工具，其包括基本資料、社會支持量表、身體健康量表、憂鬱量表。資料分析以皮爾森積差相關、薩默斯關聯分析、及逐步迴歸等分析。 研究結果顯示： 一.自費安養機構老人的社會支持網絡，子女支持平均值為14.87分、親戚支持平均值為11.14分、朋友支持平均值為13.08分、院友支持平均值為14.09分、社工支持平均值為11.45分及醫護支持平均值為11.29分，皆偏向低支持來源，其中以子女支持最高，親戚支持最低。在社會支持型態方面，情緒支持平均值為7.49分，社會整合平均值為8.66分，資訊支持平均值為8.83分，實質支持平均值為4.84分，皆低支持型態，其中以資訊支持最高，實質支持最低。在社會支持滿意度方面，其平均值為22.78分，有2/3的老人對其所獲得的支持多數表示「滿意」。 二.自費安養機構老人目前健康狀況以「普通」及「很好」者佔81.3%；平均每人罹患2.1種不同的慢性病，以高血壓、白內障、關節炎或風濕、心臟疾病等為主。 三.自費安養機構老人的憂鬱平均值為14.37，有94.2%老人屬低程度的憂鬱。 四.由相關分析中發現，子女、親戚及社工支持與目前健康狀態呈正相關外，其中以社工支持相關強度最高; 子女、朋友支持、情緒支持、社會整合與憂鬱達統計上顯著負相關。 五.由逐步複迴歸分析顯示，社會支持滿意度是唯一可以預測憂鬱之變項，可解釋14.8%的變異數。 本研究針對研究設計、護理實務、護理教育與醫療行政各方面提出建議，作為護理人員及相關單位照護之參考。 關鍵詞：自費安養機構、老人、社會支持、身體健康、憂鬱

Abstract The purpose of this study where to investigate the relationship between social support and physical health 、depression in self-care care homes. This was a descriptive and correlational research one hundred twenty elder people from two self-paid care homes by purposive sampling . The research method is the structural survey scales including the demographic information, and the scales of the social support, physical health,and the depression. The results were analyzed by the methods of Pearson''s correlation coefficient , Somers''d coefficient, and stepwise regression. The major results of the study were the follows: 1.Social support networks from self-paid home,son-daughter support means 14.87, relative support means 11.29, social worker support means 11.45 and doctor-nurse means 11.29,all social support networks were toward lower,among of the daughter support was highest, relative support was lowest; In social support patterns,emotional support means 7.49,social integration means 8.66, information support means 8.83 and tangile support means 4.84,all social support patterns were toward lower, among of the information support was highest,tangile support was lowest;In social support satisfction means 22.78, two thirds elderly thank〝satisfaction〞. 2.Self-paid care homes elderly thank that current health status was〝all right〞、〝excellent〞about 81.3%; everybody average has 2.1 chronic diseases, most were hypertension,catacact,arthritis,and heart disease . 3.Self-paid care homes elderly depression means 14.37, most of the 94.2% elderly were toward lower frequency depression. 4.From correlation found:daughter,relative ,and social worker support were postitively correlated to current health status ; daughter 、friend support and emotional support 、soial integration were negatively correlated to depression. 5.From stepwise regression analysis found, social support satisfication was only the factor predicting the depression and explained 14.8% of the variance. Thus, based on the study finding, the nursing practice,nursing education and medicine administration are recommeded. Key words:Self-paid care homes、elderly 、social support、 physical health 、depression