智慧型手機螢幕表面的細菌採樣評估

智慧型手機具多重功能於一身，早已成為不可或缺的配戴裝置。因攜帶方便手機隨著使用者的移動貫穿在各種環境空間，不僅在私領域，更多是在公共空間使用。然而環境中充斥著各樣微生物，在反覆接觸中，細菌經由手指移生在表面，使手機成為散播的載體。抗藥性細菌的議題在社區及醫院一直都受到相當重視，若使用者未經常性的執行手機清消，移生且存活在手機表面的細菌就有可能會被傳播到社區環境中。研究方法是對醫院的工作人員(Group A)與社區工作者(Group B)的智慧型手機螢幕進行連續性的細菌採抹。使用快速鑑定系統BD Phoenix-100鑑別菌種及抗藥性分析。使用手機問卷調查建立樣本資料、使用情形和日常生活習慣。資料分析使用SPSS v.25，研究各變項之間的關聯性。研究結果顯示手機螢幕表面帶有細菌的比例為100%。所有196支樣本共分離出472個細菌株，97%是革蘭氏陽性菌。醫院族群優勢菌屬為葡萄球菌屬(46%)、微球菌屬(12%)、皮生球菌屬及鏈球菌屬(均為6%)；社區族群優勢菌屬為葡萄球菌屬(50%)、微球菌屬及芽孢桿菌屬(均為8%)及鏈球菌屬(6%)。所有參與者手機86%分離出抗藥性細菌，其中的55%是多重抗藥性細菌。兩族群成員的手機，在沒有使用酒精消毒的情況下，抗藥性細菌的比例都達8-9成以上，之間存在顯著的關聯性(p =0.002)。結論證實手機螢幕表面存在細菌且具多樣性。分離菌屬的多樣性，與手機放置位置有顯著關聯性(p =0.000)。醫院工作者如沒有使用酒精消毒手機，其抗藥性細菌的比例將高於社區工作者(p =0.002)。建議定期用水洗手並每天消毒智慧型手機，尤其是醫護相關機構中，建議可以將手機消毒納入感染管制的一部分。

Background: Smartphones is becoming an indispensable device for people, which is easily to carry and frequently to be used. Because of the convenience, it goes through various areas with the user, not only at home but also in the public. However, the environment may full of various microorganisms, the bacteria may colonize on the surface of the smartphone via fingers and becoming a vehicle for spreading. The issue of drug-resistant bacteria has been considerable attention both in the community and hospital. If the users do not disinfect their smartphones frequently, the bacteria which colonized and survived on the surface of smartphone will likely to be transferred into the community. Methods: This study swabbed the smartphone touchscreens from both hospital staffs (group A) and community workers (group B), the BD Phoenix-100 were used to identify the bacteria species and their characteristics of antibiotics-resistant. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to evaluate the behavior of each recruited participant. The IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 was used to analyze the statistical association among study variables.Result: The overall microbial contamination ratio of smartphone was 100%. A total of 472 isolates from 196 samples were counted, 97% were Gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus (46%), Micrococcus (12%), Dermacoccus and Streptococcus (both 6%) were the predominant isolates in group A; and Staphylococcus (50%), Micrococcus and Bacillus (both 8%) and Streptococcus (6%) were detected in group B. Eighty-five % of sampled bacteria on all participant’s smartphone revealed antibiotic-resistant and 55% of antibiotic-resistant bacteria were multidrug resistant bacteria. In both groups, 80-90% sampled bacteria exhibited the character of antibiotic resistance if they never use the alcohol to disinfect the contamination of smartphone surface (p =0.002).Conclusion: Smartphone contamination with various bacteria is confirmed and studied. The biodiversity of isolates was significantly associated with the placement of smartphone (p =0.000). The staffs who working in the hospital did not use alcohol to disinfect their phones had higher rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria than community ones (p =0.002). Regular hand-washing and daily disinfection of smartphones shall be recommended, especially in healthcare-related institutions, and may consider add into their hygiene guideline.