Worry, coping, and psychological distress under low-dose ionizing radiation exposure

Long-term psychological effects of low-dose radiation exposure have received limited attention. This study examined radiation-related worry, coping, and psychological distress among residents exposed to contaminated buildings in Taiwan, and tested the mediating roles of approach and avoidant coping. Methods: a cross-sectional survey (2022–2023) recruited 268 residents with prior exposure. Radiation-related worry, coping strategies, and psychological distress were assessed using validated scales. Correlation and multiple regression analyses evaluated associations and mediation. Results: overall worry and distress were low, yet they were modestly but significantly correlated (r =.207, p <.01). Approach coping partially mediated the relationship between worry and distress, and was also directly associated with higher distress (β = 0.158, p <.01). Avoidant coping was positively associated with distress (β = 0.247, p <.01) but was not significantly related to worry, and thus did not serve as a mediator. Conclusions: even decades later, radiation-related worry remains positively associated with psychological distress. Coping strategies appear to play complex roles: approach coping may be linked to higher distress in uncontrollable contexts, while avoidant coping is independently associated with distress. In long-term, low-dose radiation exposure contexts, interventions focusing on managing excessive engagement and recalibrating active coping strategies may help individuals to achieve better psychological adjustment.