室外光汙染源眩光及閃爍之主觀不適評估

光污染是人類過度使用夜間照明系統而產生的問題，隨著LED的技術發展，其所組成的類光源充斥在人口密集的都會區中，所造成的光污染影響也逐漸增加。有鑑於光污染帶來的種種影響，而國內尚缺乏有關光污染等相關研究與法令規範，因此，本研究於戶外環境進行民眾對 LED 組合燈等光源類型感受實驗，以作為政府單位後續管制與改善之參考。　　本研究主要為探討戶外環境中LED組合燈之兩種光源類型（八卦燈、孔雀燈）之眩光與閃爍主觀不適感受。本實驗設計條件為四種圖案樣式、三種亮度（低亮度、中亮度與高亮度）、三種閃爍頻率（低頻、中頻與高頻）與三種觀測距離（10m、20m與40m）下觀看LED組合燈。　　研究結果顯示，性別、年齡、圖案樣式、亮度、閃爍頻率與觀測距離均對LED組合燈眩光與閃爍主觀感受有顯著影響（p <0.05）。女性對眩光與閃爍不適反應顯著高於男性，青壯年對眩光與閃爍不適反應高於中老年受測者。高亮度、高閃爍頻率與近觀測距離亦有顯著的眩光與閃爍不適感受。此外，眩光與閃爍主觀感受的不適分數均大於5分（恰可接受的），與實驗室暗室相比，受測者在戶外有較低的主觀不適感受。　　本研究結果可提供政府單位對於夜間光源的管制標準修正之參考，且眩光與閃爍可透過降低光源亮度、調整光源投射方向與降低閃爍頻率強度等來進行改善。

Light pollution is a problem caused by human over-use of night lighting system. With the development of LED technology, the LED combo is filled with densely populated areas, and the impact of light pollution is gradually increasing. In view of the various effects of light pollution, and the lack of relevant research and legal regulations on light pollution, this study conducts experiments on light pollution of subjective perception of LED combo in the outdoor environment as a reference for follow-up control and improvement of government units. .　　This study focuses on two major light pollution sources to investigate the subjective perception of glare and flicker for LED combo lamp (peacock-tail-shaped lamp and octagon-shaped lamp) in the outdoor environment. Experiment designed for LED combo lamp at three different distances(10m,20m and 40m), three different brightness intensities(low, medium and high brightness), and responding to four designated targets presented singly at three different temporal frequencies(low, medium and high frequencies).　　The observation results indicated that gender, age, target style, brightness, frequency and distance all had significant effects (p<0.05) on the subjective perception of glare and flicker in LED combo lamp. The glare and flicker discomfort effects of women were significantly higher than that of men, and also, the discomfort effects of young participants were higher than old participants. Thus, short distance, high-brightness and high-frequency also had significant high level on glare and flare discomforts. Furthermore, the discomfort scores of subjective perception on glare and flicker were greater than 5 (acceptable), indicating that the subjects had lower subjective perception discomforts in outdoor, comparing to in the laboratory darkroom.　　The results of this study can provide a reference for government to legislate the standards for light pollution at night. Glare and flicker can be improved by reducing the brightness of the light source, adjusting the direction of the light source, and reducing the frequency of the flicker.