台灣輪椅籃球運動員之運動傷害調查報告

本研究的主要目的調查分析參加台灣輪椅籃球運動的身心障礙者，生運動傷害之種類與發生機率。輪椅籃球是被定義高受傷機率的殘障運動之一，但是在台灣至今還沒有類似的研究可提供相關資料。本研究使用運動傷害調查表收集2001年參與台灣輪椅籃球比賽的身心障礙者運動員於比賽期間所發生的任何運動傷害。比賽期間總共調查收集了165位參與輪椅籃球比賽的運動員，共登記有70個運動傷害生。結果發現最常發生運動傷害的位置依序手指/腕部/手部(30%)，上臂/肩部(30%)，前臂/肘部(15.7%)，頸部(11.4%)，胸部(5.7%)，頭/臉部(2.9%)，小腿/踝/足部(2.9%)，及膝部/大腿(1.4%)。而運動傷害的種類則以肌肉受傷（包含肌肉拉傷、酸痛、痙攣、肌腱炎）51.4%，其他依序韌帶受傷(14.3%)，表皮擦傷/撕裂傷/割傷(12.9%)，起水泡(11.4%)，及撞傷(8.6%)。發生在上肢的運動傷害占總共傷害的75.7%，與其他相關重覆使用上肢的殘障運動結果類似，這表示需加訓練常被使用的上肢肌肉的肌力與耐力，增加比賽中的休息間隔時間，以降低此類運動傷害的生。有超過50%的運動傷害屬於肌肉受傷，也必須加強上肢肌肉的柔軟度訓練，避免肌肉拉傷生。進一步需教育輪椅籃球運動員體認到肌肉伸展與肌力化運動的重要性，可少將來運動傷害的發生機會。
The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of sports injuries amongst disabled athletes who joined the wheelchair basketball competition series in Taiwan. Wheelchair basketball has been identified as one of the high injury-risk sports, although limited information regarding the incidence or type of injury sustained by disabled athletes in Taiwan appears to be available. The Sports Injuries Registry is a sports injury data-collection instrumentality that is administered during the wheelchair basketball competitive period, the focus of this registry being on any injury sustained by wheelchair basketball players and that occurred during the competitive sporting period. Data pertaining to one hundred and sixty-five participants who joined the 2001 wheelchair-basketball competition season were collected, seventy injuries being registered from this pool of 165 players. The most-common injuries were located at the finger/wrist/hand (30%), upper arm/shoulder (30%), and forearm/elbow (15.7%). Cervical injuries constituted 11.4% of all injuries, followed by thoracic injuries (5.7%), head/face injuries (2.9%), leg/ankle/foot injuries (2.9%), and knee/thigh injuries (1.4%). Muscle injuries (including muscle strain, muscle soreness/spasm, tendonitis) featured in 51.4% of total injuries, followed by ligament injuries (14.3%), blisters (11.4%), concussion (8.6%), and lacerations/abrasion/cutting injuries (12.9%). The upper extremities accounted for 75.7% of the total injuries for these athletes, repetitive motion of the upper extremity possibly constituting the most-serious problem for studied disabled athletes, for whom it appears necessary to improve overall muscle endurance and strength and to increase the duration of resting intervals in order to attempt to reduce injury frequency. As regards the specific type of injury arising, 50% of injured athletes sustained a muscle injury, good muscle flexibility being emphasized for the upper extremity. Further steps are needed to educate athletes as regards muscle-stretch and -strengthening programs in order to attempt to reduce the incidence of future injuries.