長者參與醫療志工幸福感之相關性研究

研究背景：隨著我國科技的發達帶來醫藥進步，人類的壽命得以延長。台灣志工以年齡65歲以上的比率最高，故探討老年志工之幸福感至關重要。然而，至今尚無同時探討老年醫療志工健康狀況、參與動機、失能風險與幸福感之相關研究。研究目的：探討老年醫療志工基本人口學資料、健康狀況、參與動機及失能風險，對於幸福感的相關性以及影響幸福感之重要預測因子。研究方法：研究採橫斷式、相關性研究設計。研究對象為南部某兩家區域醫院65歲及以上老年志工，採方便取樣，使用結構化問卷，以老年醫療志工基本人口學資料、健康狀況、參與動機、失能風險及幸福感量表蒐集數據，共收案150位老年醫療志工。此外，研究結果以SPSS26.0統計套裝程式進行分析，並採逐步迴歸（Stepwise regression）統計方式分析幸福感之預測因子。研究結果：老年醫療志工之幸福感總平均得分為31.48 ± 2.00分（總分32分），得分指標達98.4%，失能風險平均得分為0.77 ± 3.54分（總分25分），得分指標3.08%，參與動機平均得分為31.71 ± 1.48分（總分32分），得分指標99.13%。從逐步迴歸分析結果顯示：整體迴歸模式可解釋幸福感達64.8％（調整後R2=0.648）的變異情形，參與動機 (48.8%)、婚姻狀況 (6.3%)、自覺健康狀況 (4.6%)、獨立生活 (2.5%)、活動運動 (1.4%)、失智 (1.2%)，是影響老年醫療志工幸福感最主要的預測因子。結論/實務應用：為提升參與志願服務長輩之幸福感，建議醫療機構或志願服務單位應加強對老年志工介入健康促進措施，特別針對鼓勵規律運動、穩定睡眠作息及維持日常生活功能與認知能力等加以推廣，並於社區宣導強化對志工角色的支持與認同，促進志工持續參與的意願與動力，推動健康老化與社會參與以提升幸福感做為目標。

Background:With the advancement of technology in our country leading to medical progress, human life expectancy has been extended. Taiwan has the highest proportion of volunteers aged 65 and above, making it crucial to explore the happiness of elderly volunteers. However, to date, there has been no concurrent investigation into the health status, risk of disability, participation motivation, and happiness of elderly medical volunteers.Purposes:To explore the demographic characteristics, health status, risk of disability, and participation motivation of elderly medical volunteers, and their correlation with well-being, as well as the important predictive factors affecting well-being.Methods:This study adopted a cross-sectional, correlational research design. The participants were elderly hospital volunteers aged 65 and above from two regional hospitals in southern Taiwan, sampled conveniently. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the demographic characteristics, health status, participation motivation, kihon checklist (KCL), and well-being of elderly medical volunteers. A total of 150 elderly medical volunteers were included in the study. Furthermore, the research results were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 statistical package.Result:The average overall well-being score of elderly medical volunteers was 31.48 ± 2.00 (total score 32), indicating a score index of 98.4%. The average disability risk score was 0.77 ± 3.54 (total score 25), with a score index of 3.08%. The average participation motivation score was 31.71 ± 1.48 (total score 32), with a score index of 99.13%.According to the results of the stepwise regression analysis, the overall regression model explained 64.8% of the variance in well-being (adjusted R² = 0.648). The main predictors of well-being among elderly medical volunteers were participation motivation (48.8%), marital status (6.3%), self-rated health status (4.6%), independent living (2.5%), physical activity (1.4%), and cognitive function (1.2%).Conclusion / Practical application:To enhance the well-being of older adults participating in volunteer services, it is recommended that medical institutions and volunteer organizations strengthen health promotion interventions for elderly volunteers. In particular, efforts should focus on encouraging regular physical activity, maintaining consistent sleep routines, and preserving functional independence and cognitive abilities. Additionally, public education and community outreach should emphasize the value of the volunteer role, aiming to foster family and societal recognition and support. These strategies can help sustain older adults’ motivation for continued participation, promote healthy aging, and facilitate social engagement as a means to improve overall well-being.