以台中市某國小學童為對象探討體位、飲食行為、營養攝取受家長和參與課後安親與否之影響

本研究欲暸解國小高年級之學童，其體型、飲食行為、營養現況及這些因素受家長及參與課後安親與否之影響。藉由匿名自填式問卷為研究工具，問卷分為家長及學童兩部份，內容包括： A.基本資料(包含：身高、體重、年齡)、B.飲食行為調查量表、C.零食飲料消費狀況、D.兒童身體活動量、E.24小時飲食回憶紀錄、F.三天飲食紀錄、G..飲食教養行為量表。結果發現: (1) 國小學童過重與肥胖盛行率為32.7%，安親班與非安親班學童於體型分類上無顯著差異。(2) 學童實際體型肥胖者其身體活動量顯著低於正常體型者，而身體活動量越高其身體質量指數越低。(3) 家長專制權威性教養行為與學童身體質量指數有顯著正相關。(4) 國小學童參與安親班課後輔導者，曾於安親班吃午餐和晚餐的比例分別為72.7%和32.5%，約74.2%會在安親班吃點心，其中約有一半的學童每週5天在安親班使用點心。 (5)安親班供給之點心醣類含量較高；非安親班提供之點心脂肪含量較高。 (6) 國小學童普遍有鈣質攝取不足之現象。(7) 國小學童最常購買之零食為餅乾，其次為糖果或巧克力，高達67.3%之學童會選擇購買含糖飲料。未參與安親班課後輔導學童其選擇含糖飲料頻率高於安親班學童。根據以上結果顯示，國小高年級學童肥胖盛行率逐漸向上攀升，家長之飲食教養行為及課後安親環境都是影響體位、飲食行為及營養攝取的因子，除了學童及學校之外，營養教育也應推廣至家長及學童課後托育場所，以較多面向及較完善的規劃改善學童營養問題。

The purpose of this study was to investigate if parents and the participation in after-school classes execute influences on the weight status, eating behavior and food intake of the fifth and sixth-grade children in elementary schools. Designed for both parents and children, a set of anonymous questionnaire was applied as a research tool which included: (A) Demographic information, (B) Eating behavior scale, (C) Drink and leisure food consumption behavior, (D) Physical activity scale, (E) 24-hour food recalls, (F) 3-days dietary records, and (G) Food-related parenting style scale. Results showed that (1) Without obvious differences in weight status between children who were enrolled and not enrolled in after-school classes, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32.7% in school children; (2) The physical activity level of the school children with obesity was obviously lower than that of the children with normal body weight. Higher physical activity level resulted in lower body mass index (BMI);(3) Authoritarian parenting style was positively correlated with school children’s BMI; (4) From the children who took part in after-school programs, 72.7% and 32.5% ever had lunch and dinner respectively at after-school classes while 74.2% ate snacks at after-school classes from which approximately a half of them had snacks five days a week; (5) The snacks provided by after-school classes contained higher carbohydrate, while the content of those provided by any out of after-school classes was higher in fat. (6) School children were generally found to suffer from the deficiency of calcium intake. (7) The leisure foods between meals that were bought most often by school children were cookies and secondly candies as well as chocolates, and up to 67.3% of school children chose to buy soft drinks. The children who did not take after-school programs chose soft drinks with higher frequency than those who were enrolled in after-school classes. Based on the above results, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in elementary school children has been increasingly rising. The parenting style and the environment of child-care centers serve as the factors that affect the children’s weight status, eating behaviors and food intake. In addition to children themselves and schools, the nutrition education should be promoted to both parents and child-care centers, thus improving children’s nutrition status by multidimensional and perfect approaches.