工具機製造廠金屬粉塵暴露評估

工具機製造業是政府發展智慧機械製造的基礎，此類勞工於加工作業會長時間暴露在金屬粉塵及金屬燻煙的作業環境空氣中，可能導致肺部相關急性或慢性職業病，本研究目的係調查我國工具機製造相關產業之作業流程、作業模式及危害物等資訊。 本研究對象為中台灣地區工具機製造事業單位，採隨機抽樣方式，徵求三家具代表性之自願受測工具機製造廠填寫問卷，並依勞動部公告之金屬粉塵採樣方法進行環境與個人採樣分析，以感應偶合電漿原子發射光譜儀(ICP-OES)進行元素總量分析。 研究結果三家事業單位屬於第一類事業，具有顯著風險者。雇用本國男性勞工為主，分別占86.9%、83.6%及81.4%。在金屬濃度分析結果中，A家工廠主要金屬粉塵暴露成分為Al、Cr、Cu、Fe及K；B家工廠為Al、Fe、Mn、Mg及Zn；C家工廠為Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni及Zn。共同以鐵(Fe)的金屬濃度最高，在個人採樣部分：A家工廠在銑削區為4.88×10-2(mg/m3)；B家工廠在精密加工區為1.86×10-2(mg/m3)；C家工廠在B棟加工課為4.40×10-2(mg/m3)。在環境採樣部分：A家工廠在滾排齒區為2.47×10-2 (mg/m3) ；B家工廠在加工課為1.65×10-2 (mg/m3) ；C家工廠在D棟加工課為5.72×10-2 (mg/m3)，造成這樣的情況推估與作業模式、製程材料和現場通風環境有關。由結果發現3家工廠的暴露金屬濃度符合勞動部標準，但因工廠為空調環境加上長時間作業，導致長期暴露下可能對勞工造成影響。製造過程中極易形成各種不同型態的災害類型，影響現場作業勞工安全。因此雇主應加強作業環境局部排氣、整體換氣之改善，提供勞工適當個人防護具，進行安全衛生教育訓練並定期健康檢查追蹤。

Machine tool manufacturing industry is the national development of automated machinery manufacturing base, Such workers exposed to metal dust and metal fumes for long periods of time in processing operations may cause acute or chronic occupational diseases associated with the lungs, The purpose of this study is to investigate the Taiwan machine tool manufacturing industry-related processes, operating models and hazards and other information.The study was conducted in three typical machine tool plants in central Taiwan. A pre-sampling walk-through was conducted to determine the layout of each work site and its borders. In principle, the zones in the machine tool plant are based on various operational functions. Each plant was asked to fill out a questionnaire asking for information about work characteristics, operation style, and working environment, and use of protective equipment. The metal dust sampling and analysis method were following the Ministry of Labor announcement. The elemental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).The results of the three institutions are the first type of business. 86.9%, 83.6% and 81.4% native male workers are employed in the machine tool plants respectively. A factory main metal dust exposure components are Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and K; B factory are Al、Fe、Mn、Mg及Zn；C factory are Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni及Zn. All three factories have the highest metal concentrations of iron. In the personal sampling section: 4.88 ×10-2 (mg / m3) in the milling area; 1.86 ×10-2 (mg / m3) in the precision processing area; 4.40 ×10-2 (mg / m3) In the B building processing class. In the Environmental Sampling section: In the rolling row of teeth for the 2.47 ×10-2 (mg / m3);In the processing class is 1.65 ×10-2 (mg / m3); In the D building processing class is 5.72 ×10-2 (mg / m3). Result was demonstrated with the operating model, process materials and on-site ventilation environment. It was found that the concentrations of exposed metals in the three plants under the standards of the Ministry of Labor. Because the process operation in the air conditioning environment. May be has a health impact to labor in long-term exposure.Manufacturing process can easily form a variety of different types of disaster types, affecting the worker’s safety. Therefore, the employer should strengthen the local exhaust of the workplace, improve the overall ventilation, provide appropriate personal protective equipment for workers, carry out safety and health education and training and regular health checks to track.