Effects of dual-task training on gait variability in individuals with Parkinson's disease

Objectives: To examine the effects of dual-task training on gait variability in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Design: This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study recruited 28 individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 26 datasets were analyzed. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (dual-task training) or the control group (treadmill training). Both groups completed 16 training sessions over 8 weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Primary outcomes measured spatiotemporal gait variability in the less and more affected lower extremities. Results: Significant time × group interactions were observed in bilateral step length variability during cognitive dual-task walking and in step length variability of the more affected side during motor dual-task walking and single walking. Significant time × group interactions were found in double and single support times during cognitive and motor dual-task walking. The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in step length variability, step length, and single and double support times across both dual-task and single walking conditions. Conclusions: Compared to treadmill training alone, dual-task training improved gait stability during dual-task walking, as indicated by reduced step length variability, decreased double support time, and increased single support time. These improvements were most notable in the spatial parameters of gait and primarily observed on the more affected side. Clinical trial registration: The study was prospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT03623841).