運動規律性、高血壓、糖尿病對台灣社區老人兩年期間認知功能的影響

Purpose: To examine the effect of two chronic diseases and exercise regularity on the cognitive function of older Taiwanese adults over a two-year period.Methods: In total, 199 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years old and older at community centers volunteered to participate in this study. At baseline, all participants received face-to-face interviews to gather their history of chronic diseases, health related information, and exercise regularity. At the same time, cognitive functioning was assessed. They were assigned to no disease, hypertension only, diabetes only, and both hypertension and diabetes groups. At follow up two-years later, the participants were re-assessed for exercise regularity and cognitive function.Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index and levels of education among the four groups. A three-way split plot repeated measure analysis of variance showed a significant "time" main effect, a significant "exercise" main effect, and a significant "disease by time" interaction effect. Generally, cognitive function declined over the two-year period. Regardless of group assignment, those who exercised regularly had less of a decline in cognitive functioning than their counterparts. Older adults with both high blood pressure and diabetes declined more in cognitive function than those with one or neither of these chronic diseases.Conclusions: The promotion of regular exercise among people over 60 can help prevent declines in cognitive functioning as well as reduce the amount of decline in this age group.
目的：本研究的目的為檢驗兩種慢性病及規律運動習慣對台灣社區老人兩年期間認知功能的影響。方法：199位居住於社區中年滿60歲的老人自願參與本研究。基線評估時，以面訪方式收集慢性病病史、健康相關訊息、及規律運動的習慣。同時，也評估其認知功能。依擁有慢性病的情況分成四組：無糖尿病及高血壓、僅有高血壓、僅有糖尿病、有糖尿病及高血壓。兩年後追蹤時，收集運動習慣及認知功能。結果：年齡、性別、身體質量及教育程度於四組慢性病中皆無顯著差異。三因子重複測量的變異數分析結果發現有顯著的“時間”主效應，顯著的“運動”主效應，及“疾病和時間”的交叉效應。一般而言，認知功能於兩年期間皆發現有下降。無論哪一組，有規律運動習慣者比無規律運動者有較少的認知衰退。具兩種慢性病者的認知功能衰退比僅具一種慢性病或都無此二種慢性病者為多。結論：向國內60歲以上的長者倡導規律運動行為，有助於預防認知功能衰退及減低衰退的量。