焦慮敏感性、運動習慣和咖啡因對有限症狀恐慌發作的影響

恐慌發作的生理和認知因素已被大量討論，而研究指出運動誘發恐慌發作的機率較低，並能作為恐慌症的潛在治療方法之一。然而，重新審視近期的相關文獻後發現，運動可能與有限症狀恐慌發作有關，並且與咖啡因有共同的影響機制。本研究欲探討，運動習慣（運動強度與運動頻率）對有限症狀恐慌發作的影響，並且說明焦慮敏感性和咖啡因（使用的量與使用習慣）在其中扮演的角色；另外，也將探討年齡和性別對有限症狀恐慌發作的影響，以找出潛在的風險因子，為避免恐慌發作提供建議。 本研究採用橫斷式研究法，以年齡介於20至40歲的受試者作為研究對象，取得受試者同意後，填寫匿名的網路問卷收集資料。問卷包含：人口學變項、有限症狀恐慌發作問卷、中文版焦慮敏感性指標、運動習慣量表和簡式咖啡因使用問卷。最後共回收234份有效資料，以SPSS 22.0版統計軟體進行資料處理和統計分析。採用差異性分析和相關分析檢定人口學變項與有限症狀恐慌發作和各研究變項的關係，並以階層迴歸分析檢定焦慮敏感性、運動習慣和咖啡因對有限症狀恐慌發作的預測效果。 研究結果顯示：（1）年齡和性別與有限症狀恐慌發作有關，女性更容易經歷有限症狀的恐慌發作，並且年齡越大，發作次數越多，發作的嚴重度也越高。（2）運動習慣（運動強度和運動頻率）無法有效預測有限症狀的恐慌發作。（3）焦慮敏感性能有效預測有限症狀恐慌發作，並且在發作嚴重度上與運動強度具交互作用。（4）咖啡因（使用的量和使用習慣）不影響運動習慣和有限症狀恐慌發作的關係。最後，依據研究結果，運動前或中服用適量的咖啡因與有限症狀恐慌發作的相關性較低，但女性、年齡和焦慮敏感性高的個體在從事影響自律神經系統的行為時要特別留意，以避免有限症狀恐慌發作的發生。

The physiological and cognitive factors underlying panic attacks have been widely studied. Research suggests that the likelihood of exercise-induced panic attacks is low, and exercise has been identified as a potential therapeutic approach for treating panic disorder. However, upon a recent review of relevant literature, it has been observed that exercise might be associated with limited-symptom panic attacks and shares common impact mechanisms with caffeine. This study aims to investigate the influence of exercise habits (intensity and frequency) on limited-symptom panic attacks. Additionally, the roles of anxiety sensitivity and caffeine (quantity and usage patterns) will be elucidated. Furthermore, the study will explore the impact of age and gender on limited-symptom panic attacks to identify potential risk factors and provide recommendations for preventing panic attacks. This study employed a cross-sectional research design, targeting participants aged between 20 and 40 years. After obtaining participants' consent, data were collected through anonymous online questionnaires. The survey comprised demographic variables, Limited-Symptom Panic Attacks Questionnaire, Chinese version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, exercise habits scale, and a Brief Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire. A total of 234 valid responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 for data processing and statistical analysis. Differential analysis and correlation analysis were employed to examine the relationships between demographic variables, limited-symptom panic attacks, and various study variables. Additionally, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the predictive effects of anxiety sensitivity, exercise habits, and caffeine on limited-symptom panic attacks. The study results indicate the following: （1）Age and gender are associated with limited-symptom panic attacks, with females being more prone to experiencing limited-symptom panic attacks. Additionally, as age increases, the frequency and severity of panic attacks also rise. （2）Exercise habits, including both intensity and frequency, do not effectively predict limited-symptom panic attacks. （3）Anxiety sensitivity is a significant predictor of limited-symptom panic attacks. Moreover, it interacts with exercise intensity in influencing the severity of panic attacks. （4）Caffeine, in terms of both quantity and usage patterns, does not affect the relationship between exercise habits and limited-symptom panic attacks. In conclusion, based on research findings, consuming a moderate amount of caffeine before or during exercise is associated with a lower risk of limited-symptom panic attacks. However, individuals who are female, older, or have high anxiety sensitivity should exercise caution when engaging in activities that affect the autonomic nervous system to prevent the occurrence of limited-symptom panic attacks.