工作場所中藍光暴露評估

近年來，為了節約能源和減少污染，大都以節能的螢光燈和發光二極體等新型光源取代傳統式的燈泡，這些新型光源中之藍光波長(300~700nm)產生了新的問題。另外，大多數的3C產品也會發射出藍光，研究證實藍光暴露將會造成視網膜傷害，造成黃斑部病變影響視力，目前台灣可能有接近26萬的長者罹患此問題。由於環境因素、飲食習慣日益西化等危險因子，老年性黃斑部病變也有逐漸年輕化趨勢。本研究主要目的為探討工作場所中藍光暴露危害。 使用光譜分析儀USB4000(Ocean Optics Inc.Dunedin,FL, USA)以隨機入射量測5種不同工作場所工作者藍光光譜輻射強度W/(cm2．nm)，並利用自行開發之運算軟體評估藍光及視網膜熱危害輻射劑量之影響。 本研究結果顯示5種不同工作場所中發射出的光源所測量出的光譜最高峰值皆落在420nm~450nm藍光波長內。植物工廠LB為0.38(W/cm2 sr)及tmax為232.71(s)、手術室LB為0.15(W/cm2)及tmax為654.6(s)、辦公室LB為0.03(W/cm2)及tmax為3281.61(s)、壓接組裝LB為0.09(W/cm2)及tmax為1337.62(s)、包裝組裝LB為0.07(W/cm2)及tmax為1477.92(s)。5種工作場所之視網膜熱危害皆小於TLV®，根據ACGIH的建議值比較，雖低於暴露恕限值但暴露時間皆達到可能造成勞工眼睛受損的工作環境，長期將導致職業傷害的發生。作業場所照明因現場生產需求，故無法降低光源之高能短波長，長期在此工作的工作者眼睛都會受到損傷，建議在此環境工作之勞工應配戴黃色系鏡片，防止藍光對眼睛之傷害。

People use energy-saving fluorescent lamp and Light-emitting diodes (LED) to replace traditional lamps for saving energy and reducing pollution in recent years. The blue light (300~700nm) exposure of new type light source is making new problem. Besides, most 3C products to emit blue light spectrum. The blue light exposure demonstrates to cause retinal damage, and it will make macular degeneration to affect our vision, and triggers be about 260,000 elderly people to have this problem in Taiwan. The risk factors such as environment and western diet . affect the trend of Aged-Related Macular Degeneration（AMD）is in younger generation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the exposure hazard of the blue light in the different workplace. Using spectrum analyzer USB4000(Ocean Optics Inc. Dunedin ,FL.USA) to measure blue light spectral radiation intensity W/(cm2．nm) with random injection, then to assess blue light and retinal thermal hazard effects of radiation doses by our arithmetic software. The results show that the main peak of measured spectrum is between 420nm ~ 450nm from five different workplace. LB and tmax of blue light in Plant Factory are 0.38(W/cm2 ) and 262.71(s), LB and tmax of blue light in operating room are 0.15(W/cm2 ) and 654.6(s), LB and tmax of blue light in office are 0.03(W/cm2) and 3281.61(s), LB and tmax of blue light in crimp assembly room are 0.09(W/cm2) and 1337.62(s) , LB and tmax of blue light in packaging assembly room are 0.07(W/cm2) and 1447.92(s). According to ACGIH recommended value, the retinal thermal hazard values are below to TLV® in these five work place. However, the exposure time is might damage the workers’ eyes in these area. The occupational injuries for these people would be occurred if they’re working in a long time. Due to the actual location products the energy and short-wavelength of light source can’t be reduced. The worker’s eye would be damaged if they work in long-term. The workers should be recommended to wear yellow glasses to prevent injury from the blue light damaging to the eyes in the labor environment.