大學生心理幸福感與營養攝取及生活型態之相關研究

本研究目的在探討心理幸福感與營養攝取及生活型態之關係，調查對象為中部某醫學大學一至四年級學生，採無記名自填式問卷，隨機抽樣班級並取得學生同意後施測。問卷內容包含：A. 基本資料、B. 餐次攝取頻率、C. 心理幸福感量表 (PWB-18)、D. 匹茲堡睡眠品質量表 (PSQI)、E. 半定量飲食頻率問卷 (SQFFQ) 及F. 24小時飲食回憶記錄 (24HDR)。結果顯示：（一）受測者心理幸福感總積分以第75百分位劃分心理幸福感高程度組（≧88分）及低程度組（＜88分），分別為25.2 %及74.8 %。（二）心理幸福感高程度組的「早餐攝取頻率」顯著高於低程度組。（三）心理幸福感高程度組的「全日蛋白質」及「色胺酸」之攝取量皆顯著高於低程度組。（四）受測者在「豆魚蛋肉類」、「蔬菜類」和「水果類」之攝取頻率高，則心理幸福感分數顯著較高。（五）心理幸福感高程度組的「身體活動量」（≧150分鐘／週）顯著較高，且「睡眠品質」較良好。（六）心理幸福感分數與早餐、午餐、豆魚蛋肉類、蔬菜類、水果類、乳品類之攝取頻率，全日蛋白質和膳食纖維之攝取量，以及身體活動量均呈顯著正相關；而與睡眠品質分數 (PSQI)、點心零食類、飲料類、加工食品類及油炸食品類之攝取頻率呈負相關。根據本研究結果瞭解，心理幸福感與飲食品質及生活型態相關，建議應重視大學生的心理幸福感以提升正向生活態度。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological well-being with dietary intake and lifestyle in university students. The sample was collected from first year to fourth year of university students, who were randomly selected by classes in a university in central Taiwan participating in the anonymous self-filled questionnaire survey. The content of the questionnaire includes A. Demographic information; B. Meal frequency; C. Psychological well-being scale (PWB-18); D. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); E. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ); F. 24-hour dietary recall (24HDR). The results showed: (1) All participants were divided into the high level group of psychological well-being (HLG; PWB scale score ≧88) and the low level group of psychological well-being (LLG; PWB scale score ＜88) by using a cutoff point of 75th percentile. The percentages of HLG and LLG were 25.2 % and 74.8 % respectively. (2) The frequency of breakfast intake was significantly higher among HLG of psychological well-being than LLG. (3) The daily protein intake and tryptophan intake in the HLG of psychological well-being were significantly higher than those in the LLG. (4) The participants with a higher frequency of protein foods, vegetables, and fruits intake tended to have better scores for psychological well-being scale. (5) A significantly higher physical activity (≧150 minutes per week) was observed in participants with HLG of psychological well-being, and we found that participants with HLG of psychological well-being had significantly better sleep quality. (6) The correlation analysis showed that psychological well-being was significantly positively correlated with the frequency of breakfast, lunch, protein foods, vegetables, fruits, dairy intake, and daily protein intake, dietary fiber intake, and physical activity; while negatively correlated with the sleep quality score (PSQI), the frequency of snack, beverages, processed foods, and fried foods intake. The results from this study indicated that psychological well-being was correlated with diet quality and lifestyle. It is suggested that the issue of psychological well-being should be paid more attention in order to help university students develop a positive attitude towards life.