長時間久坐對職業駕駛之健康影響評估

職業駕駛因為需要長時間在有限或狹小空間內持續保持坐姿，容易造成肌肉骨骼與心血管系統不適。本研究進行職業駕駛之工作環境、工作時間、肌肉骨骼不適與對生活品質影響等之狀況調查，以及探討駕駛在工作期間心率、小腿圍等生理變化，以瞭解職業駕駛因久坐可能產生之肌肉骨骼不適與生理負荷等現況。本研究之問卷調查採面對面的方式，共完成119份有效問卷；心率/小腿圍量測方面招募8名男性駕駛參與，駕駛的類型包括公車、貨車、娃娃車、醫院巴士等。研究結果顯示，在已回收有效的119份問卷中，男性平均年齡44.9歲、平均身高171.74公分、平均體重76.86公斤、平均BMI指數26.03。職業駕駛工作日每日開車時間平均為9.2小時，顯示每日採坐姿時間很長；職業駕駛最常見的身體不適部位是下背或腰(46.2%)，其次為脖子(40.3%)、肩膀(37.8)，這與職業駕駛需長時間久坐在狹窄空間與保持僵固姿勢有關，其症狀嚴重程度以酸痛比例最高；在生理負荷方面，研究發現貨運類駕駛在工作期間的整體平均心率(95.77次/分)比客運類駕駛的整體平均心率(78.44次/分)高，其心率較高的原因可能是貨運類駕駛之工作性質須進行搬貨、理貨等勞力作業；在小腿圍量測方面，發現在工作時段中隨著久坐時數越長，全體受測駕駛的整體平均小腿圍度有增加的趨勢，在休息時段中所有受測駕駛的整體平均小腿圍度有減少的情形，顯示藉由休息可以改善久坐造成的下肢腫脹情形。本研究之初步結果可做為業界改善職業駕駛久坐之職業性肌肉骨骼不適與健康危害之參考；本研究建議可以藉由適當的伸展與運動來改善肌肉骨骼不適與身體質量指數過重等問題。

Professional driving needs to maintain a sitting position in a confined space for a long time, it is easy to cause musculoskeletal and cardiovascular system discomfort. This study conducted a survey on the working environment, working hours, musculoskeletal discomfort and to impact on quality life ofprofessional driving, as well as the physiological changes such as heart rate and calf circumference during driving to understand the professional driving may be caused by sedentary.In order to understand the current situation of musculoskeletal discomfort andphysiological load caused by prolonged sitting in professional driving.A total of 119 valid questionnaires were completed in the questionnaire survey of this study. Eight male drivers were recruited for heart rate/calf measurement. The types of driving included buses, trucks, doll cars, and hospital buses.The research results show that in the 119 questionnaires that have been recovered, the average age of men is 44.9 years old, the average height is 171.74 cm, the average weight is 76.86 kg, and the average BMI index is 26.03. The average daily driving time of professional driving on working days is 9.2 hours, which shows that the daily sitting time is very long; the most common physical discomfort parts of professional driving are the lower back or waist (46.2%), followed by the neck (40.3%), chest ( 37.8) This is related to the limited space required for professional driving to stay for a long time and maintaining a stiff posture. The symptom severity is the highest in the proportion of soreness. In terms of physiological load, the study found that the overall average heart rate of freight driving during work (95.77 beats/ points) is higher than the overall average heart rate of passenger driving (78.44 beats) / points), the reason for the higher heart rate may be the road of freight driving, the nature of the work must be carried out, such as handling goods, tally and other labor operations; in the calf circumference In terms of testing, it was found that the longer the number of sedentary hours during work, the overall average calf circumference of all tested drivers tended to increase, and the overall average calf circumference of all tested drivers decreased during the break. Shows that rest can improve swelling and collapse of the lower limbs caused by prolonged sitting.The preliminary results of this study can be used as a reference for the industry to improve the occupational musculoskeletal discomfort and health hazards of professional driving sedentary,this study suggests that proper stretching and exercise can improve musculoskeletal discomfort and excessive body mass index problems.