Fullerene derivatives protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs

Fullerene derivatives have often been used as effective scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study was designed to test whether polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives [C60(OH)7±2] protect against oxidative stress in cultured RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused (IR) lungs. In RAW 264.7 cells, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 mM) and H2O2 (400 μM) caused a marked (90%) decrease in cell viability, and this decrease was dose dependently reversed by pretreatment with C60(OH)7±2 (10-50 μM). The increase in ROS production induced by SNP and H2O2 was significantly suppressed by C60(OH)7±2. Also, the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by SNP and H 2O2 was significantly reversed by C60(OH) 7±2. However, high concentration of C60(OH) 7±2 (1 and 1.5 mM) lead to cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). In the isolated rat lung, the increases in pulmonary artery pressure and capillary filtration pressure induced by SNP during IR were reversed significantly by C60(OH)7±2 (10 mg/kg). These results indicate that polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives C 60(OH)7±2 at low concentrations protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and IR lungs.