以雙歷程模式與使用現況預測青少年K他命使用者的尿檢反應

本研究希望透過雙歷程模式及使用現況預測K他命使用者在接受治療中的尿檢結果。根據台灣衛生福利部(2016)的統計資料，K他命是青少年最廣為濫用的非法藥物，且濫用人數有逐年升高的趨勢。許多研究認為，物質使用者會對所使用的成癮物質，產生內隱態度（例如：想要接近K他命或想要遠離K他命）以及外顯態度（例如：對K他命的正向預期或對K他命的負向預期）。但目前仍不知K他命使用者的內隱態度及外顯態度是否能夠預測他們接受治療的療效結果。本研究在招募25名15至20歲K他命使用者採用情緒促發作業（Affective Priming Task）測量參與者對K他命的內隱態度，與物質使用疾患確認檢查表(Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended; DUDIT-E)測量對K他命的外顯態度。治療療效結果則採用接受治療期間的K他命尿檢陽性反應次數作為校標。分析顯示，K他命使用現況（持續使用者以及中止使用者）能夠調節正向與負向外顯態度。也就是持續使用者（相對於中止使用者）的正向外顯態度越高，則尿檢陽性反應次數越多。此研究結果有助於K他命研究在內隱態度、外顯態度及治療成效間在未來有更多的發想。

The research aims to predict outcomes of urine tests in ketamine users during the treatment through the dual-process model and the state of use. According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare (2016), ketamine has been the most commonly used illicit drug between juvenile in high school, and the prevalence increased yearly. Many studies suggest that drug-addicted individuals show implicit (e.g., approach and avoidance) and explicit (e.g., positive and negative) attitudes favoring drug-related cues (e.g., approach and/or positive expectancy). However, little is known whether implicit and explicit attitudes toward ketamine in the users can predict their treatment outcomes. We recruited 25 ketamine users in hospital referral from police for treatment and age from 15 to 20. Affective Priming Task was used to assess implicit attitudes; whereas Drug Use Disorders Identification Test-Extended (DUDIT-E) was used to assess explicit attitudes. The urine tests for ketamine use were used as treatment outcomes. We found that the state of ketamine use (current vs. ex-users) can modulate the positive and negative explicit attitudes to predict the urine tests. That is, the current users (compared to ex-users) with the positive ketamine attitudes would have more numbers of urine tests with positive results. The current results may shed some light on the understanding of attitudes and treatment outcomes.