南瓜籽油成分與保健功能之文獻回顧

隨著人口老化與高齡社會的來臨，人們越來越重視自身的養生保健，相對的提升了保健食品的需求。而南瓜籽油為常見的食用油脂之一，是可以在平常膳食使用，亦可兼具保健食品補充的特殊油脂。本研究整理了 1983~2019年間所發表關於南瓜籽油營養成分及功能特性相關文獻，依照內容區分為營養成分、加工條件與保健功能等三部份。其中，一、南瓜籽油的主要成分是不飽和脂肪酸，其中油酸與亞麻油酸約占80%。其它成分包括：植物甾醇、酚類化合物、角鯊烯、類胡蘿蔔素 (維生素A)、磷脂、葉綠素、維生素E生育酚、維生素K、礦物質和微量元素等。其擁有的生物活性成分為人體的良好補充來源。二、南瓜籽油的營養成分含量主要受到南瓜的品種、生長環境和提取油脂過程加工條件的不同而異。三、從本論文所整理的文獻回顧研究可知，南瓜籽油的功能性成分豐富，具有對抗心血管疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝、第Ⅱ型糖尿病、前列腺增生、膀胱過動症、抗肥胖、抗菌、抗發炎、抗病毒、抗癌、傷口癒合、美容皮膚與禿髮改善等保健作用。綜合以上文獻資料統整，可讓我們對南瓜籽油的成分與保健功能更加瞭解，並釐清其在保健與藥妝產品開發的市場價值。

With the aging of the population and the advent of an ageing society, people are paying more and more attention to their own health care, and therefore the demand for health food is also increasing. Pumpkin seed oil is one of the common edible oils, which can be used in ordinary meals and supplemented with health food. This study reviews literatures related to nutrients and functional properties of pumpkin seed oil published from 1983 to 2019 and arranged them according their nutritional ingredients, processing conditions and health functions. First, pumpkin seed oil contains unsaturated fatty acids, in which approximate 80% of them are oleic acid and linoleic acid. Other ingredients include: plant sterols, phenolic compounds, squalene, carotenoids (vitamin A), phospholipids, chlorophyll, tocopherols of vitamin E, vitamin K, minerals and trace elements, etc. Its rich biologically active ingredients are beneficial to the human body. Next, the nutritional content of pumpkin seed oil related to its quality is relative to the variety of pumpkin, the growth environment, and the conditions of the oil extraction process. Finally, according to the research of this investigation, pumpkin seed oil is rich in functional ingredients. It is helpful for anti-cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver, type II diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, anti-obesity, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-poison, anti-cancer, wound healing, beauty skin, and baldness improvement. This comprehensive review demonstrates the composition and health function of pumpkin seed oil and clarifies the market value of pumpkin seed oil in the development of health care and cosmeceutical products.