台灣中部某國小學童視力相關營養素攝取狀況調查

前言：臺灣學童的近視盛行率一直居高不下且逐年增加。近視的相關因子許多，其中營養素與近視的研究首先在1956年被探討，至今並無具體結論。本研究的主要目的是利用飲食頻率問卷調查學童高脂肪高膽固醇高蛋白飲食狀況與視力是否相關？ 方法 ：共收集某國小1-6年級563位學童資料進行分析。本研究計畫分為二部份：第一部份問卷調查，包括基本資料填寫、半定量飲食頻率問卷及FFQ。第二部份包括一般學童體位測量與驗眼。體位測量包括身高、體重，驗眼主要為視力測量、屈光檢查、視軸測量等。結果：共563學童有62.2％近視比例，隨年齡逐年增加，中年級視力惡化最迅速，增加了28.6％，且男生大於女生。近四成學童服用健康食品，其中7成使用維他命類保健食品，3成使用保眼保健食品。多吃五穀類、紅肉、禽肉並未影響近視比例，但攝取紅肉對近視有顯著正相關。每週吃牡蠣頻率與預防近視有顯著差異。攝取蛋類及豆製品類與眼軸長度有顯著負相關。攝取肥油、奶油與屈光度有正相關。結論：視力保健之道除均衡營養及保健營養品的使用外，高脂肪高膽固醇高蛋白飲食與視力也相關，但需有更多的證據支持。

Introduction：The prevalence of myopia has been claiming high and increasing every year of school children in Taiwan. Many factors related to myopia .One study of nutrients and myopia was first explored in 1956. However, no specific conclusions found in other research. The main purpose of this study is make use of food frequency questionnaires surveys to the relevant of students on high-fat, high-cholesterol, or high-protein diet and students'' vision. Method：Total 563 students data is collected and analyzed in an elementary school grades 1-6. This research project is aim to divided into two parts: The first part of the survey, include fill out basic information, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and FFQ. The second part of the survey, Include anthropometric and general school eyes examination. Children anthropometrics are including height and weight. Eyes examination is mainly for visual acuity measurement, refraction, and the visual axis measurements.Results: the total of 563 children has 62.2% proportion of myopia. The prevalence increased with age gradually. The most rapid deterioration of vision in the Middle grades, an increase of 28.6%, and the boy’s vision deteriorated more than girls. Nearly forty percent children taking healthy food, among 70% take vitamin health food，30％ take eye protection health food. Eating more grains and cereals, red meat, or poultry meat did not affect the proportion of myopia. However, the red meat intake has a significant positive correlation of myopia. Eating oyster’s frequency of weekly and prevention of myopia are significant differences. Intake of soy products and eggs has a significant negative correlation between axial lengths. Intake of fat or butter has a positive correlation with refractive error.Conclusion: In addition to balance diet and health food is suitable for vision Care. High-fat, high-cholesterol, or high-protein diets are associated with vision Care. But this opinion need more evidence to support.