口腔衛生教育介入對某身心障礙機構照顧者改善住民口腔照護狀況成效分析之研究

身心障礙者由於智能,認知及肢體運動機能的障礙,而無法完成口腔清潔的工作,造成比一般人還嚴重的口腔問題,因此需要照顧者來協助,而照顧者又普遍缺乏口腔衛生的知識與訓練,無法提供身障者合適的口腔照護。 本研究目的是藉由口腔衛生教育介入，改變身心障礙機構照顧者的口腔衛生知識、態度與行為，達到改善身心障礙者口腔衛生照護的成效。研究對象為宜蘭某身障機構住民及照顧者，設計介入方案為照顧者進行3個月口腔衛生教育訓練，並於介入前、後以結構式問卷，取得其口腔衛生知識、態度、行為資料，於口腔衛生教育介入前、後-檢測與紀錄機構住民之牙菌斑、牙齦、牙結石三項指數,統計分析:以描述性統計,t-test,卡方檢定,無母數檢定法、變異數分析、迴歸分析來比較衛教介入前、後之差異,並探討影響口腔衛生教育成效之相關因素。 研究結果:介入前、後住民的牙菌斑、牙齦及牙結石三項指數之改善於統計學上有顯著差異(p<0.05),且照顧者的口腔衛生知識和態度的分數於統計上有明顯差異(p<0.05),照顧者的口腔衛生行為在刷牙方法,每天潔牙次數及至少使用一次牙線,也有明顯的改變和增加(p<0.05)。 結論:口腔衛生教育的介入提升照護者口腔衛生知識、態度與行為，進而有效的改善住民口腔衛生。

Interventions promoting the oral health of adults with disability are often educational aiming to train caregivers in oral health as a central mechanism for change in client oral health. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of oral health education intervention for caregivers of an institution in improving oral care of people with disabilities in Yilan County. Pretest and posttest trial with questionnaires were delivered to resi¬dential staff who cared for interven¬tion people with disabilities living in an institution. Clinical measures were carried out pre- and posttest by using plaque index, gingival index, and calculus index. The results demonstrated that significant reduction of each index (p<0.05). The results indicate that this program succeed to significantly improve oral health or oral hygiene via the successful intervention educationally.