生物氣膠產生及採樣改良評估

安德森單階生物氣膠採樣器（Andersen N6 Single-Stage Sampler）屬衝擊式採樣器，在採樣過程中可能造成微生物在衝擊死亡，且衝擊於同一培養基點上會相互競爭成長，且若採樣濃度過高會發生遮蔽效應（masking effect）。因此本研究目的在於開發生物氣膠產生器，以及改良後之安德森單階採樣器採樣之效率，與研發採樣稀釋器，並進行其效率探討。生物氣膠產生方面使用超音波微霧片（Ultrasonic Orifice Atomizer, UOA）作為霧化產生器，並比較四種不同孔徑之霧化片，以不同功率進行實驗。並將安德森單階生物氣膠採樣器，改良使用15公分之培養基，以及生物氣膠十倍稀釋器進行研究，綜合上述實驗以瞭解改良採樣器和稀釋器之優、缺點，並以實地採樣（field study）進行驗證。研究結果顯示7 μm微霧片設定條件在10V, 0.22A時與卡里遜霧化器在15 psi狀態下噴霧相比，可產生穩定且濃度較高之生物氣膠；而四種微霧片在次高功率產生氣膠的效率最佳；另外，15公分培養基之改良式安德森單階採樣器，在動物醫院之採樣上最高可增加24.2 %的效率，且多出3種不同菌屬，分別為化膿隱秘桿菌（Arcanobacterium pyogenes）、無枝菌酸棒桿菌（Corynebacterium amycolatum）以及腸球菌（Enterococcus hirae）。在葡萄球菌屬（Staphylococcus species）採樣可增加42 ~ 69 %的濃度，但在微球菌屬（Micrococcus species）採樣減少約4倍的濃度。而在真菌採樣方面，在青黴菌（Penicillium citrinum）採樣之濃度增加3倍，而枝孢菌（Cladosporium oxysporum）採樣之濃度則增加1.6倍；而稀釋器之測試腔（Chamber）採樣經計算後因器壁影響，約有22 %之生物氣膠損失。

Andersen N6 single-stage bio-aerosol sampler is an impact sampler. In the process of collecting the sample, many microorganisms may die because of the impact. If the density of the sample is too high, there may be the masking effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a bio-aerosol generator, to improve the efficiency of the Andersen single-stage sampler, and to develop the dilutor for the sampling and studies its efficiency. This study used ultrasonic orifice atomizer to generate its mist/fog for its bio-aerosol generator. It studied the outcomes of different power on four different sizes of orifice of atomizer plates. This study further modified the Andersen single-stage sampler by using a 15cm culture medium, and diluted the dilutor ten times. Results showed that atomizer plate with 7μm set at 10V, 0.22A could have a more stable and higher concentration of bio-aerosols than Collison three-jet nebulizer at 15psi. However, the most efficient nebulization on the four different atomizer plates was not with the maximum power but the second highest power. By using 15cm culture medium on the Andersen single-stage bio-aerosol sampler in the collecting of the sample, the efficiency could increase as much as 24.2% and in addition there were three different kinds of bacteria found,--Arcanobacteriumpyogenes, Corynebacteriumamycolatum, and Enterococcus hirae. In the sampling, Staphylococcus species could increase 42-69% in density but Micrococcus species decreased its density to about 1/4. On the sampling of fungi, the density of Penicilliumcitrinum increased 3 times and the density of Cladosporiumoxysporum increased 1.6 times. There was about 22% loss of bio-aerosols because of vessel wall.